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Flavonoid fractions of diosmin and hesperidin mitigate lead acetate-induced biochemical, oxidative stress, and histopathological alterations in Wistar rats

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Abstract

This study aims at investigating the protective effects of flavonoid fractions of diosmin and hesperidin in mitigating sub-chronic lead acetate-induced biochemical, oxidative stress, and histopathological alterations in adult male Wistar rats. Forty animals were randomly assigned into five groups, each consisting of eight animals. Group I animals was treated with deionised water only, group II, IV, and V were administered lead acetate 90 mg/Kg body weight (1/20th of the LD50), groups III, and IV was administered Daflon (100 mg/Kg), while group V was administered Daflon (200 mg/Kg), 30 min prior treatment with lead acetate. All treatments lasted for 42 days. Blood lead levels, electrolyte parameters, zinc protoporphyrin (ZPP) levels, activities of antioxidant enzymes, and histopathology of vital organs, were evaluated following standard practice. Sub-chronic lead acetate exposure induced a decrease in levels of serum electrolytes, and activities of antioxidant enzymes, while blood lead levels, ZPP, and malondialdehyde levels were increased. Lead exposure also instigated marked variation in histopathology of vital organs. Conversely, co-treatment with graded doses of daflon improved the levels of blood lead, electrolytes, ZPP, activities of antioxidant enzymes, and histopathology of vital organs. Data obtained from the current study indicate that rats exposed to sub-chronic doses of lead acetate show increased blood lead levels, electrolyte imbalance, alongside impairment in ZPP levels, activities of antioxidant enzymes, and histopathology, while pretreatment using daflon mitigated the ensued perturbations. This, therefore, suggests that consumption of foods enriched with flavonoid fractions of diosmin and hesperidin may be beneficial for individuals inhabiting lead-polluted environments.

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Acknowledgement

Authors are grateful to Mr. Denis Otie and Abdulwahab Hashimu of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratory, Ahmadu Bello University Zaria for their technical inputs in the accomplishment of this project.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Nigeria

    Ibrahim Yusuf Lamidi, Mohammed Bashir Tijjani, Sabo Isa Salihu & Nubwa Daniel

  2. Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Abuja, Abuja, Nigeria

    Hudu Garba Mikail

  3. Department of Veterinary Pathology, Ahmadu Bello University Zaria, Zaria, Nigeria

    Sani Adamu

  4. Department of Physiology, Biochemistry, and Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Jos, Jos, Nigeria

    Isaac Oluwatobi Akefe

  5. Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria

    Aisha Omobolanle Olatunji

  6. Department of Veterinary Pathology, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Nigeria

    Abdussalam Hassan

  7. Department of Science and Laboratory Technology, Ekiti State University, Ado Ekiti, Nigeria

    Victoria Aderonke Adegoke

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  1. Ibrahim Yusuf Lamidi
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  2. Hudu Garba Mikail
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Lamidi, I.Y., Mikail, H.G., Adamu, S. et al. Flavonoid fractions of diosmin and hesperidin mitigate lead acetate-induced biochemical, oxidative stress, and histopathological alterations in Wistar rats. Toxicol Res. 37, 473–484 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s43188-020-00084-9

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