Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Workability, compactibility and engineering properties of rubber-modified asphalt mixtures prepared via wet process

  • Published:
International Journal of Pavement Research and Technology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to compare the performance of rubber-modified asphalt mixtures prepared with incorporation of latex and crumb rubber. The service characteristics of the rubber-modified asphalt mixtures were evaluated using workability index and compaction energy index to determine the ease of placing, handling, and compacting of the asphalt mixture. The engineering properties of the asphalt mixtures were also evaluated in terms of indirect tensile strength (ITS), resilient modulus, permanent deformation, moisture susceptibility, and the Leutner shear test. Crumb rubber and latex were separately used as modifiers in this study. The percentage of crumb rubber and latex used were 5% and 10%, while organo silane additive was added at a rate of 0.1%, all by the weight of asphalt binder. Through the evaluation, the modified asphalt mixture required comparable energy for compaction through the assessment of compaction energy index (CEI) as compared to the control asphalt mixture. Based on the results of performance test, it can be concluded that the crumb rubber-modified asphalt mixture showed a better performance than the latex-modified asphalt mixture in terms of fracture resistance, permanent deformation, resilient modulus, shear resistance, and moisture resistance. Overall, the rubberised asphalt mixture has better engineering performance properties that can prolong the lifespan of the flexible pavement compared to the conventional asphalt mixture.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. N. Bala, M. Napiah, I. Kamaruddin, Effect of nanosilica particles on polypropylene polymer modified asphalt mixture performance, Case Studies Constr. Mater. 8 (2018) 447–454.

    Google Scholar 

  2. J. S. Chen, T. J. Wang, C. T. Lee, Evaluation of a highly-modified asphalt binder for field performance, Constr. Build. Mater. 171 (2018) 539–545.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Ding, X., T. Ma, W. Zhang, D. Zhang, Experimental study of stable crumb rubber asphalt and asphalt mixture, Constr. Build. Mater. (2017) 157 975–981.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Y. Yildirim, Polymer modified asphalt binders, Constr. Build. Mater. 21 (1) (2007) 66–72.

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  5. M. Murphy, M. O’Mahony, C. Lycett, I. Jamieson, Bitumens modified with recycled polymers, Mater. Struct. 33 (7) (2000) 438–444.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. X. Yang, Z. You, M.R.M. Hasan, A. Diab, H. Shao, S. Chen, D. Ge, Environmental and mechanical performance of crumb rubber modified warm mix asphalt using Evotherm, J. Clean. Prod. 159 (2017) 346–358.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. K. Liu, K. Zhang, X. Shi, Performance evaluation and modification mechanism analysis of asphalt binders modified by graphene oxide, Constr. Build. Mater. 163 (2018) 880–889.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. R. Gogoi, K.P. Biligiri, N.C. Das, Performance prediction analyses of styrene-butadiene rubber and crumb rubber materials in asphalt road applications, Mater. Struct. 49 (9) (2016) 3479–3493.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. G. Airey, M. Rahman, A.C. Collop, Crumb Rubber and Bitumen Interaction as a Function of Crude Source and Bitumen Viscosity, Road Mater. Pavement Des. 5 (4) (2004) 453–475.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. S.A.D. Neto, M.M. Farias, J.C. Pais, P.A.A. Pereira, J.B. Sousa, Influence of crumb rubber and digestion time on the asphalt rubber binders, Road Mater. Pavement Des. 7 (2) (2006) 131–148.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. M.A. Abdelrahman, S. H. Carpenter, Mechanism of Interaction of Asphalt Cement with Crumb Rubber Modifier, Transp. Res. Rec. 1661 (1999) 106–113.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. F.J. Navarro, P. Partal, F. Martínez-Boza, C. Gallegos, Influence of crumb rubber concentration on the rheological behavior of a crumb rubber modified bitumen, Energy Fuels 19 (5) (2005) 1984–1990.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. S.J. Lee, C.K. Akisetty, S.N. Amirkhanian, The effect of crumb rubber modifier (CRM) on the performance properties of rubberized binders in HMA pavements, Constr. Build. Mater. 22 (7) (2008) 1368–1376.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. V. Venudharan, K.P. Biligiri, Conceptualization of permanent deformation characteristics of rubber modified asphalt binders: Energy-based algorithm and rheological modeling, Constr. Build. Mater. 126 (2016) 388–397.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. A.M. Rodríguez-Alloza, J. Gallego, Mechanical performance of asphalt rubber mixtures with warm mix asphalt additives, Mater. Struct. 50 (2) (2017) 147.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. M.F. Azizian, P.O. Nelson, P. Thayumanavan, K.J. Williamson, Environmental impact of highway construction and repair materials on surface and ground waters: Case study. Crumb rubber asphalt concrete, Waste Manage. 23 (8) (2003) 719–728.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. J. Shen, S. Amirkhanian, F. Xiao, B. Tang, Influence of surface area and size of crumb rubber on high temperature properties of crumb rubber modified binders, Constr. Build. Mater. 23 (1) (2009) 304–310.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. S.E. Paje, M. Bueno, F. Terán, R. Miró, F. Pérez-Jiménez, A.H. Martínez, Acoustic field evaluation of asphalt mixtures with crumb rubber, Appl. Acoustics 71 (6) (2010) 578–582.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. G. King, Additives in asphalt. J Assoc Asphalt Paving Technol. A. 68 (1999) 32–69.

    Google Scholar 

  20. P. Mirzababaei, Effect of zycotherm on moisture susceptibility of Warm Mix Asphalt mixtures prepared with different aggregate types and gradations, Constr. Build. Mater. 116 (2016) 403–412.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. American Society for Testing and Materials, Standard Test Method for Penetration of Bituminous Materials. ASTM D5 / D5M-20. ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, USA, 2020.

    Google Scholar 

  22. American Society for Testing and Materials, Standard Test Method for Softening Point of Bitumen (Ring-and-Ball Apparatus). ASTM D36 / D36M-14(2020). ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, USA, 2020.

    Google Scholar 

  23. American Society for Testing and Materials, Standard Test Method for Viscosity Determination of Asphalt at Elevated Temperatures Using a Rotational Viscometer. ASTM D4402 / D4402M-15. ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, USA, 2015.

    Google Scholar 

  24. Austroads Test Method, Torsional Recovery of Polymer Modified Binders. AGPT/T122. Austroads, Sydney, Australia, 2006.

    Google Scholar 

  25. H.U. Bahia, T.P. Friemel, P.A. Peterson, J.S. Russell, B. Poehnelt, Optimization of constructibility and resistance to traffic: A new design approach for HMA using the superpave compactor, J. Assoc. Asphalt Paving Technol. 67 (98) (1998) 189–232.

    Google Scholar 

  26. American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials, Standard Method of Test for Determining the Creep Compliance and Strength of Hot-Mix Asphalt (HMA) Using the Indirect Tensile Test Device. AASHTO T 322-07. AASHTO, Washington DC, USA, 2007.

    Google Scholar 

  27. American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials, Standard Method of Test for Resistance of Compacted Asphalt Mixtures to Moisture-Induced Damage. AASHTO T 283-14. AASHTO, Washington DC, USA, 2014.

    Google Scholar 

  28. American Society for Testing and Materials, Standard Test Method for Determining the Resilient Modulus of Bituminous Mixtures by Indirect Tension Test. ASTM D7369-11. ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, USA, 2011.

    Google Scholar 

  29. British Standards Institution, Method for Determining Resistance to Permanent Deformation of Bituminous Mixtures Subject to Unconfined Dynamic Loading. BS-DD-226. BSI, London, UK, 1996.

    Google Scholar 

  30. S.R. Omranian, M.O. Hamzah, L. Gungat, S.Y. Teh, Evaluation of asphalt mixture behavior incorporating warm mix additives and reclaimed asphalt pavement, J. Traffic Transp. Eng. (English Ed.) 5 (3) (2018) 181–196.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. H.U. Bahia, T.P. Friemel, P.A. Peterson, J.S. Russell, B. Poehnelt, Optimization of constructibility and resistance to traffic: a new design approach for HMA using the superpave compactor, J. Assoc. Asphalt Paving Technol. 67 (1998).

  32. M. Ragab, M. Abdelrahman, A. Ghavibazoo, Performance Enhancement of Crumb Rubber-Modified Asphalts Through Control of the Developed Internal Network Structure, Transp. Res. Rec. 2371 (2013) 96–104.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. M. Ragab, M. Abdelrahman, Enhancing the crumb rubber modified asphalt’s storage stability through the control of its internal network structure, Inter. J. Pavement Res. Technol. 11 (1) (2018) 13–27.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  34. B. Huang, Z. Zhang, W. Kingery, G. Zuo, C. Petit, I.L. Al-Qadi, A. Millien, Fatigue crack characteristics of HMA mixtures containing RAP. (2004) 631–638.

  35. S. Tayfur, H. Ozen, A. Aksoy, Investigation of rutting performance of asphalt mixtures containing polymer modifiers, Constr. Build. Mater. 21 (2) (2007) 328–337.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  36. A. Apeagyei, Moisture damage evaluation of asphalt mixtures using AASHTO T283 and DC(T) Fracture Test, in 10th International Conference on Asphalt Pavements. 2006. Quebcec City, Canada, 2006.

  37. J. Ahmad, N.I.M. Yusoff, M.R. Hamm, M.Y.A. Rahman, M. Hossain, Investigation into hot-mix asphalt moisture-induced damage under tropical climatic conditions, Constr. Build. Mater. 50 (2014) 567–576.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  38. M. Ameri, M. Vamegh, S.F. Chavoshian Naeni, M. Molayem, Moisture susceptibility evaluation of asphalt mixtures containing Evonik, Zycotherm and hydrated lime, Constr. Build. Mater. 165 (2018) 958–965.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  39. E.R. Brown, K.Y. Foo, Evaluation of variability in resilient modulus test results (ASTM D 4123), J. Testing Eval. 19 (1) (1991) 1–13.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  40. D.J. Kulash, Toward performance-based specifications for bitumen and asphalt mixtures, Proc. Institution Civ. Eng.: Transp. 105 (3) (1994) 187–194.

    Google Scholar 

  41. P. Tian, M.M. Zaman, J.G. Laguros, Variation of Resilient Modulus of Aggregate Base and Its Influence on Pavement Performance, J. Testing Eval. 26 (4) (1998) 329–335.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  42. M.Y. Shahin, Pavement management for airports, roads, and parking lots: Second edition, Chapman & Hall, New York, USA, 2005.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

The authors would like to acknowledge Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM) for the funding through Short-Term Research Grant Scheme (304/PAWAM/60313048), and the Malaysian Ministry of Higher Education (MOHE) via the Fundamental Research Grant Scheme (203/PAWAM/6071358). Appreciation also goes to the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) for providing financial assistance via the Research Fund for the International Young Scientist (Grant No. 51750110491). Thanks are also due to the technical staff of the Highway Engineering Laboratory at Universiti Sains Malaysia for their undivided assistance. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions expressed in this manuscript are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of USM, MOHE, and NSFC.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Civil Engineering, Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 14300, Nibong Tebal, Penang, Malaysia

    Sharvin Poovaneshvaran, Lim Wee Zheng & Mohd Rosli Mohd Hasan

  2. School of Highway, Chang’an University, South Erhuan Middle Section, Xi’an, 710064, China

    Xu Yang

  3. Department of Civil Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia

    Xu Yang

  4. Department of Civil Engineering, Aswan University, Aswan, 81542, Egypt

    Aboelkasim Diab

Authors
  1. Sharvin Poovaneshvaran
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Lim Wee Zheng
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Mohd Rosli Mohd Hasan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Xu Yang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Aboelkasim Diab
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Mohd Rosli Mohd Hasan.

Additional information

Peer review under responsibility of Chinese Society of Pavement Engineering.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Poovaneshvaran, S., Zheng, L.W., Hasan, M.R.M. et al. Workability, compactibility and engineering properties of rubber-modified asphalt mixtures prepared via wet process. Int. J. Pavement Res. Technol. 14, 560–569 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42947-020-1006-z

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s42947-020-1006-z

Keywords

Search

Navigation