Abstract
The presence of pharmaceutical pollutants in the environment is one of the most pressing environmental problems. Adsorption from solution is an effective way to remove pharmaceuticals from liquid media, but the problem then is to separate the adsorbent from the liquids. The objective of the present study was to remove nitrofurazone from aqueous solutions using a bentonite/magnetite composite, prepared by co-precipitation of magnetite with bentonite, which could then be collected by magnetic separation. The bentonite/magnetite composite was characterized using diverse techniques, such as X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, low-temperature N2 adsorption/desorption, laser diffraction, and magnetization measurements. The particle size of the composite material did not exceed 50 μm and the particle size distribution was mono-modal with a maximum at 3.2 μm. The strong hysteresis in the magnetization curve revealed that the bentonite/magnetite particles were ferromagnetic. Adsorption of nitrofurazone by the bentonite/magnetite composite from aqueous solutions was measured and the amount of nitrofurazone adsorbed was 3.2×10–2 mmol/g. The adsorption kinetics of nitrofurazone to the bentonite/magnetite composite followed a pseudo-second-order kinetics equation. Upon adsorption, hydrogen bonds were formed between the amide groups of nitrofurazone and oxygen groups in bentonite.
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Acknowledgments
The work was supported by the Russia Foundation for Basic Research (Grant N 18-43-370015-a). Measurements were performed in the centre for joint use of scientific equipment “The Upper Volga Region Centre of Physicochemical Research.”
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(Received 14 May 2019; revised 4 October 2019; AE: William F. Jaynes)
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Alekseeva, O.V., Rodionova, A.N., Noskov, A.V. et al. Bentonite/Magnetite Composite for Removal of Nitrofurazone. Clays Clay Miner. 67, 471–480 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42860-019-00037-w
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s42860-019-00037-w