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PTO Torque and Draft Analyses of an Integrated Tractor-Mounted Implement for Round Ridge Preparation

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Abstract

Purpose

Research on labor-saving of upland cultivation has been more actively conducted in Korea, since the consumption of and interest in local food have increased. The objectives of this study were to investigate characteristics of rotary-base implement for intensive farming and to suggest an operational strategy by analyzing draft (Ph) and power take-off (PTO) torque (Tq) of an integrated implement for round ridge preparation.

Methods

A dynamometer and torque meter were installed between a tractor hitch and an attachment to measure Ph and Tq and to analyze performance of the integrated implement.

Results

Increase in forward speed (SPD), decrease in Ph, and increase in Tq were observed. Rotary tilth depth (DEP) was a major factor in increasing Ph and Tq. In the operation of the integrated implement based on rotavator, the specific draft (SD) tended to decrease but the specific torque (ST) approached to a maximum value as the rotary pitch (p) increased.

Conclusion

The optimum p and velocity ratio (λ) for draft reduction were 36.15 cm/rev and 3.9, respectively for the actual SPD of 4.18 km/h at 540 rpm of PTO rotating speed (RPM). The regression of the rear wheel reaction (Rr) and slip showed a decaying exponential relation. If the Rr is reduced to 27 kN, slip will be properly maintained at 12–15%. Furthermore, the implement could be operated using a category I tractor with a front loader ballast.

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Abbreviations

SPD:

Forward speed, km/h

RPM:

PTO rotating speed, rpm

DEP:

Rotary tilth depth, mm (in D, cm)

SET:

Experiment set conducted on different dates and sites

REP:

Repetition of test

W:

Swath, 120 cm

SD:

Specific draft, N/cm2

ST:

Specific torque, N·cm/cm2

T q :

PTO torque, N·m

P h :

Draft, N

p :

Rotary pitch, cm/rev

r d :

Radius of rotary, 0.225 m

λ :

Velocity ratio

Ω :

Rotary rotating speed, rpm (= RPM/2.805)

P h :

Longitudinal draft, N

P v :

Vertical force, N

P s :

Horizontal force, N

F 1 :

Force acting on load cell ①, N

F 2 :

Force on load cell ②, N

F 3 :

Force on load cell ③, N

F 4 :

Force on load cell ④, N

F 5 :

Force on load cell ⑤, N

F 6 :

Force on load cell ⑥, N

θ :

Angle between load cells ④ and ⑥, 60 deg

M x :

Roll moment at forward axis of tractor, N·m

M y :

Pitch moment at the horizontal axis, N·m

M z :

Yaw moment at the vertical axis, N·m

a :

Horizontal distance of load cells ④ and ⑥ at the moment center, 0.193 m

b :

Vertical distance of load cell ① at the moment center, 0.435 m

c :

Vertical distance of load cells ④ and ⑥ at the moment center, 0.108 m

d :

Horizontal distance of load cells ② and ③ at the moment center, 0.253 m

e 1 :

Vertical distance of load cells ② and ③ at the moment center, 0.215 m

e 2 :

Vertical distance of load cell ⑤ at the moment center, 0.272 m

M A :

Moment equilibrium about A point

R f :

Reaction of front wheel, N

R r :

Reaction of rear wheel, N

R a :

Reaction of attachment, N

L = L r + L f :

Wheel base, 2.142 m

L r :

Rear wheel distance from GC, 0.814 m

L f :

Front wheel distance from GC, 1.328 m

L 4 :

Ballast location from front wheel, 0.970 m

L 5 :

Integrated attachment location from rear wheel, 2.100 m

 L m :

Additional attachment location from rear wheel, 2.910 m

W t :

Frame total weight, N

W f :

Front ballast weight, N

W a :

Weight of integrated attachment, N

W c :

Weight of additional attachment, N

w d :

Rear half weight of dynamometer, 491 N

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  1. School of Agricultural Civil and Bio-industrial Engineering, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu, 41566, South Korea

    Young Mo Koo

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Koo, Y.M. PTO Torque and Draft Analyses of an Integrated Tractor-Mounted Implement for Round Ridge Preparation. J. Biosyst. Eng. 47, 330–343 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42853-022-00146-w

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s42853-022-00146-w

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