Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Preparation and electrochemical characteristics of waste-tire char-based CFX for lithium-ion primary batteries

  • Rapid Communications
  • Published:
Carbon Letters Aims and scope Submit manuscript

A Correction to this article was published on 04 May 2023

This article has been updated

Abstract

In this study, we investigate the opportunity of using waste tire char as a cathode material for lithium-ion primary batteries (LPBs). The char obtained by carbonizing waste tires was washed with acid and thermally fluorinated to produce CFX. The structural and chemical properties of the char and CFX were analyzed to evaluate the effect of thermal fluorination. The carbon structure of the char was increasingly converted to CFX structure as the fluorination temperature increased. In addition, the manufactured CFX-based LPBs were evaluated through electrochemical analysis. The discharge capacity of the CFX reached a maximum of 800 mAh/g, which is comparable to that of CFX-based LPBs manufactured from other carbon sources. On the basis of these results, the use of waste tire char-based CFX as a cathode material for LPBs is presented as a new opportunity in the field of waste tire recycling.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4

Data Availability

The datasets generated during and/or analysed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

Change history

References

  1. Xu J, Yu J, Xu J, Sun C, He W, Huang J, Li G (2020) High-value utilization of waste tires: a review with focus on modified carbon black from pyrolysis. Sci Total Environ 742:140235

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Gao N, Wang F, Quan C, Santamaria L, Lopez G, Williams P (2022) Tire pyrolysis char: processes, properties, upgrading and applications. Prog Energy Combust 93:101022

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Czajczynska D, Krzyzynska R, Jouhara H, Spencer N (2017) Use of pyrolytic gas from waste tire as a fuel: a review. Energy 134:1121–1131

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Zhang G, Chen F, Zhang Y, Zhao L (2021) Properties and utilization of waste tire pyrolysis oil: a mini review. FPT 211:106582

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Alsaleh A, Sattler ML (2014) Waste tire pyrolysis: influential parameters and product properties. Curr Sustainable Renewable Energy Rep 1:129–135

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Kumar R, Sharma A (2017) Morphologically tailored activated carbon derived from waste tires as high-perf. J Appl Electrochem 48:1–13

    Google Scholar 

  7. Veldevi T, Raghu S, Kalaivani RA, Shanmugharaj AM (2022) Waste tire derived carbon as potential anode for lithium-ion batteries. Chemosphere 288:132438

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Saleha TA, Gupta VK (2014) Processing methods, characteristics and adsorption behavior of tire derived carbons: a review. Adv Colloid Interface 211:93–101

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Verma A, Baurai K, Sanjay MR, Siengchin S (2019) Mechanical, microstructural, and thermal characterization insights of pyrolyzed carbon black from waste tires reinforced epoxy nanocomposites for coating application. Polym Compos 41:338–349

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Sharma N, Dubois M, Guerin K, Pischedda V, Radescu S (2020) Fluorinated (Nano)Carbons: CFx Electrodes and CFx-Based Batteries. Energy Technol 9:2000605

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Ha S, Lim C, Lee YS (2022) Fluorination methods and the properties of fluorinated carbon materials for use as lithium primary battery cathode materials. J Ind Eng Chem 111:1–17

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Delabarre C, Dubois M, Giraudet J, Guérin K, Hamwi A (2006) Electrochemical performance of low temperature fluorinated graphites used as cathode in primary lithium batteries. Carbon 44:2543–2548

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Damien D, Sudeep PM, Narayanan TN, Anantharaman MR, Ajayan PM, Shaijumon MM (2013) Fluorinated graphene based electrodes for high performance primary lithium batteries. RSC Adv 111:1–17

    Google Scholar 

  14. Li Y, Wu X, Wang S, Zhou T, Miao Z, Xing W, Zhou S, Zhou J (2019) Fluorinated multi-walled carbon nanotubes as cathode materials of lithium and sodium primary batteries: effect of graphitization of carbon nanotubes. J Mater Chem 3:25702

    Google Scholar 

  15. Jiang S, Huang P, Lu J, Liu Z (2021) The electrochemical performance of fluorinated ketjenblack as a cathode for lithium/fluorinated carbon batteries. RSC Adv 11:25461–25470

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Fulvio PF, Brown SS, Adcock J, Mayes RT, Guo B, Sun XG, Mahurin SM, Veith GM, Dai S (2011) Low-temperature fluorination of soft-templated mesoporous carbons for a high-power lithium/carbon fluoride battery. Chem Mater 23:4420–4427

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Fan Y, Fowler GD, Zhao M (2020) The past, present and future of carbon black as a rubber reinforcing filler – A review. J Clean Prod 247:119115

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Greenough S, Dumont MJ, Prasher S (2021) The physicochemical properties of biochar and its applicability as a filler in rubber composites: a review. Mater Today Commun 29:102912

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Kim IT, Lee KH, Sinha TK, Oh JS (2021) Comparison of ultrasonic-treated rice husk carbon with the conventional carbon black towards improved mechanical properties of their EPDM composites. Carbon Lett 31:1071–1077

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Li P, Ma X, Liang Y, Tan J, Wang L (2019) Preparation and electrochemical capacitive properties of C-MnO2 composite with foam-like structure based on modified rubber. Carbon Lett 29:547–552

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Lim C, Ko Y, Kim S, Lee YS (2022) Mesophase pitch production aided by the thermal decomposition of polyvinylidene fluoride. Carbon Lett 32:1329–1335

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Sen SS, Roesky HW (2018) Silicon-fluorine chemistry: from the preparation of SiF 2 to C-F bond activation using silylenes and its heavier congeners. Chem Commun 54:5046–5057

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Schuepfer DB, Badaczewski F, Guerra-Castro JM, Hofmann DM, Heiliger C, Smarsly B, Klar PJ (2020) Assessing the structural properties of graphitic and non-graphitic carbons by Raman spectroscopy. Carbon 161:359–372

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Lee SE, Kim JH, Lee YS, Bai BC, Lm JS (2021) Effect of crystallinity and particle size on coke-based anode for lithium ion batteries. Carbon Lett 31:911–920

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Lam P, Yazami R (2006) Physical characteristics and rate performance of (CFx)n (0.33 < x < 0.66) in lithium batteries. J Power Sources 153:354–359

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Jayasinghe R, Thapa AK, Dharmasena RR, Nguyen TQ, Pradhan BK, Paudel HS, Jasinski JB, Sherehiy A, Yoshio M, Sumanasekera GU (2014) Optimization of multi-walled carbon nanotube based CFx electrodes for improved primary and secondary battery performances. J Power Sources 253:404–411

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Ahmad Y, Dubois M, Guerin K, Hamwi A, Flahaut E (2017) High energy density of primary lithium batteries working with sub-fluorinated few walled carbon nanotubes cathode. J Alloys Compd 726:852–859

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the Agency for Defense Development (ADD) (No. UE211060GD).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea

    Naeun Ha, Seo Gyeong Jeong, Chaehun Lim, Seongmin Ha, Chung Gi Min & Young-Seak Lee

  2. Defense Materials and Energy Development Center, Agency for Defense Development, Yuseong, P.O. Box 35, Daejeon, 34060, Korea

    Yusong Choi

  3. Department of Defense System Engineering, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34113, Korea

    Yusong Choi

  4. Institute of Carbon Fusion Technology (InCFT), Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea

    Young-Seak Lee

Authors
  1. Naeun Ha
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Seo Gyeong Jeong
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Chaehun Lim
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Seongmin Ha
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Chung Gi Min
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Yusong Choi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Young-Seak Lee
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Yusong Choi or Young-Seak Lee.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

The original online version of this article was revised: The article title has been tagged erroneoulsly. This has been updated.

Supplementary Information

Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.

Supplementary file1 (DOCX 53 KB)

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Ha, N., Jeong, S.G., Lim, C. et al. Preparation and electrochemical characteristics of waste-tire char-based CFX for lithium-ion primary batteries. Carbon Lett. 33, 1013–1018 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42823-023-00488-1

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s42823-023-00488-1

Keywords

Search

Navigation