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Candida-associated denture stomatitis: clinical, epidemiological, and microbiological features

  • Clinical Microbiology - Research Paper
  • Published:
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Abstract

Objective

The identification of Candida spp. in denture stomatitis, the clinical manifestations, and the antifungal susceptibility profile lead to a correct and individualized therapeutic management of the patients. This study is aimed at investigating the clinical manifestations and epidemiological and microbiological characteristics of Candida-associated denture stomatitis.

Design

The samples were obtained by swabbing the oral mucosa of the subjects and then seeded onto Sabouraud Dextrose Agar and onto CHROMagar® Candida plates. The identification at the species level was confirmed by Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry. Clinical classification was performed according to the criteria proposed by Newton (1962): (i) pinpoint hyperemia, (ii) diffuse hyperemia, and (iii) granular hyperemia. For carrying out the antifungal susceptibility testing, we adopted the CLSI M27-S4 protocol.

Results

C. albicans was the most prevalent species in our study. Regarding non-albicans Candida species, C. glabrata was the most common species isolated from the oral mucosa (n = 4, 14.8%), while in the prosthesis, it was C. tropicalis (n = 4, 14.8%). The most prevalent clinical manifestation was pinpoint hyperemia and diffuse hyperemia. Candida albicans, C. glabrata, and C. parapsilosis were susceptible to all the tested antifungals. Concerning fluconazole and micafungin, only two strains showed dose-dependent sensitivity (minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), 1 μg/mL) and intermediate sensitivity (MIC, 0.25 μg/mL). One C. tropicalis strain was resistant to voriconazole (MIC, 8 μg/mL).

Conclusions

C. albicans was the most common species found in oral mucosa and prosthesis. The tested antifungal drugs showed great activity against most isolates. The most prevalent clinical manifestations were Newton’s type I and type II.

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Data availability

The data supporting this study’s findings are available on request from the corresponding author SSG. The data are not publicly available because they contain information that could compromise research participant privacy.

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Acknowledgements

We are grateful to Programa Institucional de Iniciação Científica (PIIC) UFES for providing grants to JQ; Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) (TBV); and Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Espírito Santo (FAPES) (VMN and YRD).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Center for Research in Medical Mycology (CIMM), Health Sciences Center (CCS), Federal University of Espírito Santo (UFES), 1468, Marechal Campos Avenue, Vitória, ES, 29.040-090, Brazil

    Jiuyan Qiu, Yago R. Dalben & Sarah S. Gonçalves

  2. Dental Clinic Department, Health Sciences Center (CCS), Federal University Espírito Santo (UFES), Vitória, ES, Brazil

    Milena P. Roza, Karolyne G. Colli & Tânia Regina Grão-Velloso

  3. Infectious Diseases Postgraduate Program, Health Sciences Center (CCS), Federal University of Espírito Santo (UFES), Vitória, ES, Brazil

    Yago R. Dalben & Sarah S. Gonçalves

  4. Pathology Department, Health Sciences Center (CCS), Federal University of Espírito Santo (UFES), Vitória, ES, Brazil

    Simone B. Maifrede & Sarah S. Gonçalves

  5. Alerta Laboratory, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM), Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil

    Tiago B. Valiatti & Rodrigo Cayô

  6. Dental Science Postgraduate Program, Health Sciences Center (CCS), Federal University of Espírito Santo (UFES), Vitória, ES, Brazil

    Vinicius M. Novo & Tânia Regina Grão-Velloso

  7. Immunology and Microbiology Laboratory (LIB), Biological Sciences Department (DCB), Immunology and Microbiology Sector, Institute of Environmental Sciences, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences (ICAQF), University of Federal São Paulo (UNIFESP), Diadema, SP, Brazil

    Rodrigo Cayô

Authors
  1. Jiuyan Qiu
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  2. Milena P. Roza
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  3. Karolyne G. Colli
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  10. Sarah S. Gonçalves
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Sarah S. Gonçalves.

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Ethics approval

The study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of Federal University of Espírito Santo (UFES) (CAAE45995715.7.0000.5060).

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Qiu, J., Roza, M.P., Colli, K.G. et al. Candida-associated denture stomatitis: clinical, epidemiological, and microbiological features. Braz J Microbiol 54, 841–848 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42770-023-00952-0

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