Abstract
Combined action of various inert dusts (diatomaceous earth DE and zeolite) and microbial insecticides (abamectin and spinetoram) was evaluated against Trogoderma granarium Everts at Grain Research Training and Storage Management Cell, department of Entomology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan during the year 2018–19. Doses were 750 ppm in case of inert dusts and 1 ppm in case of insecticides. Efficacy was checked on wheat, rice and maize at three different temperatures (15, 25 and 35 °C) and two relative humidity levels (55 and 75%). Mortality data was taken 1, 3, 5 and 7 days after treatments. Factorial under Completely Randomized Design was used for analysis. In all combinations tested, complete mortality (100%) of the insects was achieved at 35 °C + 55% R.H. after 14 days of exposure. But in general, mortality was higher at increased temperature and decreased R.H. With an increase in exposure period, mortality was also increased. Wheat was most susceptible as compared to rice and maize regarding the mortality of insects except in cases of 100% mortality. Results suggested that both DEs and zeolites can be combined with insecticides in order to achieve complete control of this specie but certain factors like dose, temperature, R.H., commodity and exposure time are important in affecting their efficacies which should be kept in mind for the integrated control of this insect. This is first report in which zeolite is used in combination with insecticides against Trogoderma granarium.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Abbot WS (1925) A method of computing the effectiveness of an insecticide. J Econ Entomol 18:265–267
Andric GG, Markovic MM, Adamovic M, Dakovic A, Golic MP, Kljajic PJ (2012) Insecticidal potential of natural zeolite and diatomaceous earth formulations against rice weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) and red flour beetle (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae). J Econ Entomol 105:670–678
Arthur FH (2000a) Impact of food source on survival of red flour beetles and confused flour beetles (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) exposed to diatomaceous earth. J Econ Entomol 93:1347–1356
Arthur FH (2000b) Toxicity of diatomaceous earth to red flour beetles and confused flour beetles (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae): effects of temperature and relative humidity. J Econ Entomol 93:526–532
Arthur FH (2001) Immediate and delayed mortality of Oryzaephilus surinamensis (L.) exposed on wheat treated with diatomaceous earth: effects of temperature, relative humidity and exposure interval. J Stored Prod Res 37:13–21
Arthur FH (2003) Optimization of inert dusts used as grain protectants and residual surface treatments. In: Credland, P.F., Armitage, D.M., Bell, C.H., Cogan, P.M. and Highley, E. (Eds.), Advances in Stored Products Protection. Proceedings of the Eighth International Working Conference on Stored Product Protection. 22–26 July 2002, York, UK. CABI International, Wallingford, UK, pp. 629–634
Athanassiou CG, Kavallieratos NG, Vayias BJ, Papagregoriou AS, Dimizas CB, Buchelos CT (2004) Residual toxicity of beta cyfluthrin, alpha cypermethrin and deltamethrin against Tribolium confusum Jacquelin du Val (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) on stored wheat. Appl Entomol Zool 39:195–202
Athanassiou CG, Vayias BJ, Dimizas CB, Kavallieratos NG, Papagregoriou AS, Buchelos CT (2005) Insecticidal efficacy of diatomaceous earth against Sitophilus oryzae (L.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) and Tribolium confusum du Val (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) on stored wheat: influence of dose rate, temperature and exposure interval. J Stored Prod Res 41:47–55
Athanassiou CG (2006) Toxicity of beta cyfluthrin applied alone or in combination with diatomaceous earth against adults of Sitophilus oryzae (L.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) and Tribolium confusum DuVal (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) on stored wheat. Crop Prot 26:788–794
Athanassiou CG, Kavallieratos NG, Dimizas CB, Vayias BJ, Tomanovic Z (2006) Factors affecting the insecticidal efficacy of the diatomaceous earth formulation SilicoSec® against adults of the rice weevil, Sitophilus oryzae (L.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Appl Entomol Zool 41:201–207
Athanassiou CG, Steenberg T (2007) Insecticidal effect of Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin (Deuteromycotina: Hyphomycetes) in combination with three diatomaceous earth formulations against Sitophilus granarius (L.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Biol Control 40:411–416
Athanassiou CG, Kavallieratos NG, Vayias BJ, Stefou VK (2008a) Evaluation of a new enhanced diatomaceous earth formulation for use against Rhyzopertha dominica (Coleoptera: Bostrychidae). Int J Pest Manag 54:43–49
Athanassiou CG, Kavallieratos NG, Vayias BJ, Panoussakis EC (2008b) Influence of grain type on the susceptibility of different Sitophilus oryzae (L.) populations, obtained from different rearing media, to three diatomaceous earth formulations. J Stored Prod Res 44:279–284
Athanassiou CG, Kavallieratos NG, Peteinatos GG, Petrou SE, Boukouvala MC, Tomanovic Z (2007) Influence of temperature and humidity on insecticidal effect of three diatomaceous earth formulations against larger grain borer (Coleoptera: Bostrychidae). J Econ Entomol 100:599–603
Athanassiou CG, Arthur F, Kavallieratos NG, Lazzari F (2014) Insecticidal effect of Keepdry® for the control of Sitophilus oryzae (L.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) and Rhyzopertha Dominica (F.) (Coleoptera: bostrychidae) on wheat under laboratory conditions. J Stored Prod Res 59:133–139
Bohinc T, Dervić A, Horvat A, Kljajić P, Andrić G, Golić MP, Trdan S (2018) Effects of natural and synthetic zeolites against maize weevil (Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky, Coleoptera, Curculionidae) adults under laboratory conditions. Integ Prot Stored Prod IOBC-WPRS Bull 130:241–250
Chintzoglou G, Athanassiou CG, Arthur F (2008a) Insecticidal effect of spinosad dust, in combination with diatomaceous earth, against two stored-grain beetle species. J Stored Prod Res 44:347–353
Chintzoglou GJ, Athanassiou CG, Markoglou AN, Kavallieratos NG (2008b) Influence of commodity on the effect of spinosad dust against Rhyzopertha dominica (F.) (Coleoptera: Bostrychidae) and Sitophilus oryzae (L.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Integ J Pest Manag 54:277–285
Daglish GJ (2008) Impact of resistance on the efficacy of binary combinations of spinosad, chlorpyrifos-methyl and s-methoprene against five stored-grain beetles. J Stored Prod Res 44:71–76
Dripps JE, Boucher RE, Chloridis A, Cleveland CB, Deamicis CV, Gomez LE, Paroonagian DL, Pavan LA, Sparks TC, Watson GB (2011) The spinosyn insecticides. In: Lopez O, Fernandez-Bolanos JG (eds) Green Trends in Insect Control. Royal Society of Chemistry, Cambridge, UK, pp 163–212
Eroglu N, Emekci M, Athanassiou CG (2017) Applications of natural zeolites on agriculture and food production. J Sci Food Agri 97:3487–3499
Eroglu N, Sakka MK, Emekci M, Athanassiou CG (2019) Effects of zeolite formulations on the mortality and progeny production of Sitophilus oryzae and Oryzaephilus surinamensis at different temperature and relative humidity levels. J Stored Prod Res 81:40–45
Fields P, Korunic Z (2000) The effect of grain moisture content and temperature on the efficacy of diatomaceous earths from different geographical locations against stored-product beetles. J Stored Prod Res 36:1–13
Golob P (1997) Current status and future perspectives for inert dusts for control of stored product insects. J Stored Prod Res 33:69–79
Golic MP, Andric G, Kljajic P (2016) Combined effects of contact insecticides and 50°C temperature on Sitophilus oryzae (L.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in wheat grain. J Stored Prod Res 69:245–251
Greenspan L (1977) Humidity fixed points of binary saturated aqueous solutions. J Res Natl Bur Stand - A Phy Chem 81:89–96
Kavallieratos NG, Athanassiou CG, Vayias BJ, Betsi PC (2010) Insecticidal efficacy of fipronil against four stored-product insect pests: influence of commodity, dose, exposure interval, relative humidity and temperature. Pest Manag Sci 66:640–649
Kavallieratos NG, Athanassiou CG, Vayias BJ, Mihail SB, Tomanovic Z (2009) Insecticidal efficacy of abamectin against three stored-product insect pests: influence of dose rate, temperature, commodity, and exposure interval. J Econ Entomol 102:1352–1359
Kavallieratos NG, Athanassiou CG, Diamantis CG, Gioukari HG, Boukouvala MC (2017) Evaluation of six insecticides against adults and larvae of Trogoderma granarium Everts (Coleoptera: Dermestidae) on wheat, barley, maize and rough rice. J Stored Prod Res 71:81–92
Kljajic P, Andric G, Adamovic M, Bodroza-Solarov M, Markovic M, Peric I (2010a) Laboratory assessment of insecticidal effectiveness of natural zeolite and diatomaceous earth formulations against three stored- product beetle pests. J Stored Prod Res 46:1–6
Kljajic P, Andric G, Adamovic M, Golic MP (2010b) Laboratory evaluation of insecticidal effectiveness of a natural zeolite formulation against Sitophilus oryzae (L.), Rhyzopertha dominica (F.) and Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) in treated wheat. In: 10th International Working Conference on Stored Product Protection, 425. Julius-Kuhn-Archiv, pp. 863–868
Korunic Z, Fields PG, Kovacs MIP, Noll JS, Lukow OM, Demianyk CJ, Shibley KJ (1996) The effect of diatomaceous earth on grain quality. Postharvest Biol Technol 9:373–387
Muir WE (2000) Grain storage ecosystems. In: Muir WE (Ed.), Grain Preservation Biosystems. University of Manitoba, Canada
Nayak MK, Collins PJ (2008) Influence of concentration, temperature and humidity on the toxicity of phosphine to the strongly phosphine-resistant psocid Liposcelis bostrychophila Badonnel (Psocoptera: Liposcelididae). Pest Manag Sci 64:971–976
Nwaubani SI, Opit GP, Otitodun GO, Adesida MA (2014) Efficacy of two Nigeria-derived diatomaceous earths against Sitophilus oryzae (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) and Rhyzopertha dominica (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae) on wheat. J Stored Prod Res 59:9–16
Perisic C, Vukovic S, Perisic V, Pesic S, Vukajlovic F, Andric G, Kljajic P (2018) Insecticidal activity of three diatomaceous earths on lesser grain borer, Rhyzopertha Dominica F., and their effects on wheat, barley, rye, oats and triticale grain properties. J Stored Prod Res 75:38–46
Pozo OJ, Marin JM, Sancho JV, Hernandez F (2003) Determination of abamectin and azadirachtin residues in orange samples by liquid chromatography–electrospray tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatography A 992:133–140
Sokal RR, Rohlf FJ (1995) Biometry, 3rd edn. Freedman & Company, New York
Sparks TC, Crouse GD, Dripps JE, Anzeveno P, Martynow J, Deamicis CV, Gifford J (2008) Neural network-based QSAR and insecticide discovery: spinetoram. J Computer-Aided Mol Design 22:393–401
Subramanyam B, Roesli R (2000) Inert dusts. In: Subramanyam B, Hagstrum DW (eds) Alternatives to Pesticides in Stored-product IPM. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Boston, USA, pp 321–380
Vardeman EA, Arthur FH, Nechols JR, Campbell JF (2006) Effect of temperature, exposure interval, and depth of diatomaceous earth treatment on distribution, mortality, and progeny production of lesser grain borer (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae) in stored wheat. J Econ Entomol 99:1017–1024
Vassilakos TN, Athanassiou CG (2013) Effect of temperature and relative humidity on the efficacy of spinetoram for the control of three stored product beetle species. J Stored Prod Res 55:73–75
Vassilakos TN, Athanassiou CG (2012) Effect of uneven distribution of spinetoram-treated wheat and rice on mortality and progeny production of Rhyzopertha dominica (F.), Sitophilus oryzae (L.) and Tribolium confusum Jacquelin du Val. J Stored Prod Res 50:73–80
Vassilakos TN, Athanassiou CG, Saglam O, Chloridis AS, Dripps JE (2012) Insecticidal effect of spinetoram against six major stored grain insect species. J Stored Prod Res 51:69–73
Vassilakos TN, Athanassiou CG, Tsiropoulos NG (2015) Influence of grain type on the efficacy of spinetoram for the control of Rhyzopertha dominica, Sitophilus granarius and Sitophilus oryzae. J Stored Prod Res 64:1–7
Vayias BJ, Athanassiou CG (2004) Factors affecting the insecticidal efficacy of the diatomaceous earth formulation SilicoSec against adults and larvae of the confused flour beetle, Tribolium confusum DuVal (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae). Crop Prot 23:565–573
Vayias BJ, Athanassiou CG, Kavallieratos NG, Tsesmeli CD, Buchelos CT (2006) Persistence and efficacy of two diatomaceous earth formulations and a mixture of diatomaceous earth with natural pyrethrum against Tribolium confusum Jacquelin du Val (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) on wheat and maize. Pest Manag Sci 62:456–464
Vayias BJ, Athanassiou CG, Milonas DN, Mavrotas C (2009a) Activity of Spinosad against three stored-product beetle species on four grain commodities. Crop Prot 28:561–566
Vayias BJ, Athanassiou CG, Buchelos CT (2009b) Effectiveness of spinosad combined with diatomaceous earth against different European strains of Tribolium confusum du Val (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae): Influence of commodity and temperature. J Stored Prod Res 45:165–176
Wakil W, Riasat T, Lord JC (2013) Effects of combined thiamethoxam and diatomaceous earth on mortality and progeny production of four Pakistani populations of Rhyzopertha dominica (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae) on wheat, rice and maize. J Stored Prod Res 52:28–35
Acknowledgements
This study was funded by Higher Education Commission, Government of Pakistan, under indigenous Ph.D. fellowship scheme. (Pin no. 518-86466-2AV5-007).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Ali, R.A., Hasan, M.u., Sagheer, M. et al. Factors influencing the combined efficacy of microbial insecticides and inert dusts for the control of Trogoderma granarium. Int J Trop Insect Sci 42, 425–433 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42690-021-00559-8
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s42690-021-00559-8