Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Effects of nitrogen fertilization and some non-conventional insecticides on sap sucking pests and yield of transgenic Bt cotton in Sudan

  • Original Research Article
  • Published:
International Journal of Tropical Insect Science Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Integrated management of BT cotton pests was carried in field experiments during the seasons; 2016/2017 (Season I) and 2017/2018 (Season II) in the experimental research farm of Kassala University, Sudan. Four insecticides (imidacloprid, abamectin, profenofos and lufenuron) and three levels of soil applied nitrogen; 43.81 kgha−1, 87.62 kgha−1 and 131.43 kgha−1 were tested at recommended doses. Seven weekly counts of abundant pests (whitefly, jassid, aphid, and mealybug) were done starting 4 weeks before spraying. Post spray counts were done after 3, 10 and 17 days from spraying. Seed cotton yield of various treatments was recorded and economic analysis of the package was calculated. Results indicated that increasing the nitrogen dose result in significant increase in population of sap sucking pests during the pre-spray counts while insecticide treatments significantly reduced the infestation level in the post spray counts. Aphid was found in season I while mealybug was found in season II only in contrast to whitefly and jassid which were found in both seasons. Imidacloprid was the most effective insecticide causing reduction in the level of infestation by the various sap sucking pests in the range of 11.20% -71.66%, followed by lufenuron (with reduction in infestations level ranging between 8.12% to 69.11%) and profenofos (with infestation reduction ranging between 9.88% to 66.74%). On the other hand abamectin was the least effective treatment causing the least infestation reduction in the population of sap sucking pests (ranging between 8.38% to 66.45%). No significant interactions were found between nitrogen and insecticide treatments. Highest seed cotton yield and revenue was associated with imidacloprid combined with various nitrogen levels (causing 46%–63% increase), followed abamectin nitrogen treatments (7%–22%), profenofos and lufenuron nitrogen combinations. Generally, seed cotton yield increases by the increase of nitrogen dose, while the revenue (net benefit) depends on the price of the insecticide used.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Ahmed MM, Elhassan AM, Kannan HO (2002) Use of combined economic threshold level to control insect pests on cotton. J Agric Rural Dev Trop 103(2):147–156

    Google Scholar 

  • Ahmed S, Sabir S, Mushtaq-ali C (2007) Effect of different doses of nitrogen fertilizer on sucking insect pests of cotton, Gossypium hirsutum. J Agric Res 45(1):43–48

    Google Scholar 

  • Ahmed HAM, Abdulatif A, Shook F, Barbary B, Osman O, Ibrahim T (2018) ICAC-13th meeting of the inter-regional cooperative research network, on cotton for the Mediterranean and Middle East regions. Luxor, EGYPT, February 02-06, 2018

  • Ali AMZ, Lei X, Hengyong NM, Kamal OM, Elhassan AM (2012) A proposal for the release of a hybrid and a variety of Bt-cotton (G. hirsutum) for production in the Sudan. National Variety Release Committee Meeting, March, 15 Ministry of Federal Agriculture and Irrigation, Khartoum, Sudan

  • Anonymous (2008) Annual report of the central cotton research institute, Multan. In: Pakistan Central Cotton Committee, Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Livestock, Islamabad, Pakistan, pp, 75–76

  • Anusha S, Rao GP, Kumar DSR (2017) Effect of different nitrogen doses on sucking pests and yield in Bt cotton under unprotected and protected conditions. J Entomol Zool Stud 5(2):611–615

    Google Scholar 

  • Arshad M, Suhail A, Arif MJ, Khan MA (2009) Transgenic Bt and non-transgenic cotton effects on survival and growth of Helicoverpa armigera. Int J Agric Biol 11:473–476

    Google Scholar 

  • Asi MR, Afzal M, Anwar SA, Bashir MH (2008) Comparative efficacy of insecticides against sucking insect pests of cotton. Pak J Life Soc Sci 6(2):140–142

    Google Scholar 

  • Askarianzadeh A, Minaeimoghadam M (2018) Biology, natural enemies and damage of the sugarcane whitefly (Neomaskellia andropogonis)(Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) in Iran. Int J Trop Insect Sci 38(4):381–386

    Google Scholar 

  • Bethke JA, Redak RA, Schuch UK (1998) Melon aphid performance on chrysanthemum as mediated by cultivar, and differential levels of fertilization and irrigation. Entomol Exp Appl 88:41–47

    Google Scholar 

  • Bharathi S, Rao GP, Kumari RS, Chengareddy V (2012) Influence of plant geometry and nitrogen levels on performance of cotton hybrids under rainfed conditions in vertisols of Andhra Pradesh. J Cotton Res Dev 26(2):204–206

    Google Scholar 

  • Bhatt NA, Lodaya JP (2018) Evaluation of insecticides against tobacco mealy bug, Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley and its parasitoid, Aenasius bambawalei Hayat under laboratory conditions. Int J Curr Microbiol Appl Sci 7(06):2339–2343

    Google Scholar 

  • Bi JL, Ballmer GR, Hendrix DL, Henneberry TJ, Toscano NC (2001) Effect of cotton nitrogen fertilization on Bemisia argentifolii populations and honeydew production. Entomol Exp Appl 99:25–36

    Google Scholar 

  • Carrière Y, Crickmore N, Tabashnik BE (2015) Optimizing pyramided transgenic Bt crops for sustainable pest management. Nat Biotechnol 33:161–168

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dhawan A, Saini S, Singh K, Aneja A (2009) Persistence and residual toxicity of some insecticides against Phenacoccus solenopsis on cotton (Gossypium spp). Indian J Agric Sci 79(3):203–206

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • El-Zahi ES, Arif SA, Jehan BA, El-Naggar M, El-Dewy EH (2012) Inorganic fertilization of cotton field-plants in relation to sucking insects and yield production components of cotton plants. J Am Sci 8(2):509–517

    Google Scholar 

  • Fall A, Toure M, Seye F, Ndione RD, Badiane TS (2017) Evaluation damage caused by Rastrococcus Invadens (Willams, 1986) (Homoptera. Pseudococcidae) on mango in Casamance (Senegal). J Biotechnol Res 3(12):114–119

    Google Scholar 

  • Frank SD (2012) Reduced risk insecticides to control scale insects and protect natural enemies in the production and maintenance of urban landscape plants. Environ Entomol 41(2):377–386. https://doi.org/10.1603/EN11230

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gameel OI (1965) Whitefly and jassid investigations. Sud. Min. of Agric. Res. Div. G. R. S. Ann. Report, pp 220–25

  • Gaurkhede AS, Bhalkare SK, Sadawarteand AK, Undirwade DB (2015) Bioefficacy of new chemistry molecules against sucking pests of Bt transgenic cotton. Int J Plant Prot 8(1):7–12

    Google Scholar 

  • Ge F, Xianghui L, Hongda L, Xing-Yuan M, Jianwei S (2003) Effect of nitrogen fertilizer on pest population and cotton production. J Appl Ecol 14(10):1735–1738

    Google Scholar 

  • Godfrey LD, Leser JF (1999) Cotton aphid management status and needs. In: Dugger P, Richer D (eds) Proceedings of Beltwide cotton research conference. National Cotton Council of America, Memphis, pp 37–40

    Google Scholar 

  • Guarino S, Peri E, Colazza S, Luchi N, Michelozzi M, Loreto F (2017) Impact of the invasive painted bug Bagrada hilaris on physiological traits of its host Brassica oleracea var botrytis. Arthropod-Plant Interact 11(5):649–658

    Google Scholar 

  • Hasken KH, Poehling HM (1995) Effects of different intensities of fertilizers and pesticides on aphids and aphid predators in winter wheat. Agric Ecosyst Environ 52:45–50

    Google Scholar 

  • Hilder VA, Boulter D (1999) Genetic engineering of crop plants for insect resistance-a critical review. Crop Prot 18:177–191

    Google Scholar 

  • Hofs JL, Schoeman A, Vaissayre M (2004) Effect of Bt cotton on arthropod biodiversity in south African cotton fields. Commun Agric Appl Biol Sci 69:191–194

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hofs JL, Fok M, Vaissayre M (2006) Impact of Bt cotton adoption on pesticide use by smallholders: a 2-year survey in Makhatini flats (South Africa). Crop Prot 25:984–988

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • International Service for the Acquisition of Agri-biotech Applications (ISAAA) (2019) Biotech seeds and farmers’ seeds in Africa: the diversification route by Pierre Jacquemot. Monthly Report. http://www.isaaa.org/

  • Jauset AM, Sarasua MJ, Avilla J, Albajes R (1998) Theimpact of nitrogen fertilization of tomato on feeding site selection and oviposition by Trialeurodes vaporariorum. Entomol Exp Appl 86:175–182

    Google Scholar 

  • Jhala RC, Patel MG, Bharpoda TM (2010) Evaluation of insecticides for the management of mealy bug, Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley in cotton. Karnataka J Agric Sci 23(1):101–102

    Google Scholar 

  • Joern A, Behmer ST (1997) Importance of dietary nitrogen and carbohydrates to survival, growth, and reproduction in adults of the grasshopper Ageneotettix deorum (Orthoptera: Acrididae). Oecologia 112:201–208

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kadam DR, Kadam DB, Umate SM (2014) Abundance of sucking insect pests of Bt cotton and their natural enemies under different intercropping systems. Asian J Biol Sci 9(2):284–287

    Google Scholar 

  • Kannan NO (1999) Population dynamics of wheat aphid (Schizaphis graminum) (Rondani) (Homoptera: Aphididae) and its natural enemies in the field. Sudan J Agric Res 2:65–68

    Google Scholar 

  • Kannan OH, Omer AE Khansa MM, Abdalla AM (2014) Evaluation of some insecticides for the control of major insect pests of cotton. The 3rd conference of pest management in Sudan. Wad Medani, Sudan, Feb. 3rd-4th 2014

  • Karembu M, Nguthi F, Asim S, Chege P (2015) 2014: third year of Bt cotton cultivation in Sudan. International Service for the Acquisition of Agri-biotech Applications (ISAAA) Afri-Center, 9pp

  • Khatta SU, Khan A, Shah SM, Alam Z, Iqbal M (1996) Effect of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilization on aphid infestation and crop yield of three rapeseed cultivars. Pak J Zool 28(4):335–338

    Google Scholar 

  • Kulkarni VN, Khadi BM, Maralappanavar MS, Deshapande LA, Narayanan S (2009) The worldwide gene pools of Gossypium arboreum L. and G. herbaceum L. and their improvement. In: Genetics and genomics of cotton; Springer: Berlin/ Heidelberg, Germany, pp 69–97

  • Kumar V, Kular JS, Kumar R, Sidhu SS, Chhuneja PK (2020) Integrated whitefly [Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius)] management in Bt-cotton in North India: an agroecosystem-wide community-based approach. Curr Sci 119(4):618–624

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lasota JA, Dybas RA (1991) Avermectin, a novel class of compound: implication for use in arthropod pest control. Annu Rev Entomol 36:96–117

    Google Scholar 

  • Matsuda K, Buckingham SD, Kleier D (2001) Neonicotinoids: insecticides acting on insect nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. Trends Pharmacol Sci 22:573–579

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Matthews GA, Tunstall JP (1994) Insect pests of cotton. C.A.B. international, Wallingford, England, p 393

    Google Scholar 

  • Meghana H, Jagginavar SB, Sunitha ND (2018) Sunitha efficacy of insecticides and bio pesticides against sucking insect pests on Bt cotton. Int J Curr Microbiol App Sci 7(6):2872–2883

    Google Scholar 

  • Men X, Ge F, Edwards CA, Yardim EN (2005) The influence of pesticide applications on Helicoverpa armigera Hubner and sucking pests in transgenic Bt cotton and non-transgenic cotton in China. Crop Prot 24:319–324

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mohan S, Monga D, Kumar R, Nagrare V, Gokte-Narkhedkar N, Vennila S, Tanwar RK, Sharma OP, Bhagat S, Agarwal M, Chattopadhyay C, Kumar R, Birah A, Amaresan N, Singh A, Sushil SN, Asre R, Kapoor KS, Jeyakumar P, Satyagopal K (2014) Integrated pest management package for cotton, p 84. http://www.ncipm.org.in/IPMpackages.html

  • Naglaa AA (2014) The story behind Bt cotton: where does Sudan stand? GM Crops Food 5(4):241–243

    Google Scholar 

  • Nagrare VS, Kranthi S, Kumar R, Dhara JB, Amutha M, Deshmukh AJ, Bisane KD, Kranthi KR (2011) Compendium of cotton Mealybugs. Central Institute for Cotton Research, Nagpur, p 42

    Google Scholar 

  • Nikhath T, Nadagouda S, Beldhadi RV (2019) Influence of biochemical parameters in the plants treated with PGRs on sucking insect pests population in Bt cotton. J Entomol Res 43(1):1–6

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ranjith MT, Prabhuraj A, Srinivasa YB (2010) Survival and reproduction of natural populations of Helicoverpa armigera on Bt-cotton hybrids in Raichur. Indian Curr Sci (Bangalore) 99:1602–1606

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Reddy KR, Koti S, Davidonis GH, Reddy VR (2004) Interactive effects of carbon dioxide and nitrogen nutrition on cotton growth, development, yield, and fiber quality. Agron J 96:1148–1157

    Google Scholar 

  • Sagar D, Balikai RA, Biradar P (2014) Influence of varied dosages of nitrogen application on the leafhopper population in Bt cotton under rainfed condition. Res Crops 15(2):498–502

    Google Scholar 

  • Sequeira RV (2019) Integrated pest management of plant sucking bugs (Hemiptera: Miridae) in Australian cotton: back to the future. Bull Entomol Res 109(5):561–573

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Shah TH (2017) Plant nutrients and insects development. Int J Entomol Res 2(6):54–57

    Google Scholar 

  • Sharma HC, Pampapathy G (2006) Influence of transgenic cotton on the relative abundance and damage by target and non-target insect pests under different protection regimes in India. Crop Prot 25:800–813

    Google Scholar 

  • Singh V, Sood AK (2017) Plant nutrition: a tool for the management of homopteran insect-pests-a review. Agric Rev 38(4):260–270

    Google Scholar 

  • Tomlin S (2006) The pesticide manual, 14th ed. World compendium; British crop protection council (BCPC): Alton, Hampshire, UK

  • Vennila S (2008) Pest management for cotton ecosystems or ecosystem management for cotton production. Curr Sci 94(11):1351–1352

    Google Scholar 

  • Vinay S, Sharma H, Sharma SK (2016) A review on effects of new chemistry insecticides on natural enemies of crop pests. Int J Sci Environ Technol 5(6):4339–4361

    Google Scholar 

  • Vonzun S, Messmer MM, Boller T, Shrivas Y, Patil SS, Riar A (2019) Extent of bollworm and sucking pest damage on modern and traditional cotton species and potential for breeding in organic cotton. Sustainability 11:6353. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11226353

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • White TCR (1984) The abundance of invertebrate herbivores in relation to the availability of nitrogen in stressed food plants. Oecologia. 63:90–105

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wu K, Li W, Feng H, Guo Y (2002) Seasonal abundance of the mirids, Lygus lucorumand Adelphocoris spp. (Hemiptera: Miridae) on Bt cotton in northern China. Crop Prot 21:997–1002

    Google Scholar 

  • Zhao D, Oosterhuis DM (2000) Nitrogen application effect on leaf photosynthesis, nonstructural carbohydrate concentrations and yield of field-grown cotton. In: Oosterhuis DM (ed) Proceedings of the 2000 Arkansas cotton research meeting. AAES special report. 198, pp 69–71

Download references

Acknowledgments

The authors would like to thank Dr. Abdalwahab Hassan Abdalla for his help and valuable assistance in the analysis of data. The financial support made available by Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research, Sudan is highly acknowledged.

Funding

This work was funded by the Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research, Sudan.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Crop Protection, University of Kassala, Kassala, Sudan

    Mamoun Khalafalla Fadlelmawla

  2. Department of Crop Protection, University of Khartoum, Khartoum North, 13314, Shambat, Sudan

    Azhari Omer Abdelbagi, Abd Elaziz Sulieman Ahmed Ishag & Ahmed Mohammed Ali Hammad

  3. Department of Biological Environment, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea

    Abd Elaziz Sulieman Ahmed Ishag & Jang-Hyun Hur

Authors
  1. Mamoun Khalafalla Fadlelmawla
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Azhari Omer Abdelbagi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Abd Elaziz Sulieman Ahmed Ishag
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Ahmed Mohammed Ali Hammad
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Jang-Hyun Hur
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Abd Elaziz Sulieman Ahmed Ishag.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Ethical approval

This article does not contain any studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors.

Informed consent

Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.

Additional information

Publisher’s note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Fadlelmawla, M.K., Abdelbagi, A.O., Ishag, A.E.S.A. et al. Effects of nitrogen fertilization and some non-conventional insecticides on sap sucking pests and yield of transgenic Bt cotton in Sudan. Int J Trop Insect Sci 41, 1471–1484 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42690-020-00345-y

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s42690-020-00345-y

Keywords

Search

Navigation