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Lethal and sublethal effects of clothianidin, imidacloprid and sulfoxaflor on the wheat aphid, Schizaphis graminum (Hemiptera: Aphididae) and its coccinellid predator, Coccinella septempunctata

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Abstract

The use of pesticides for greenbug, Schizaphis graminum in wheat not only can manage the pest population but also can influence its predator, Coccinella septempunctata. Acute and chronic effects of imidacloprid, clothianidin and sulfoxaflor on S. graminum and its predator, C. septempunctata were investigated. The results showed that LC50 of imidacloprid, clothianidin and sulfoxaflor to S. graminum at 48 h was 9.80, 34.29 and 4.40 ml a.i. L−1, respectively, while LC50 of imidacloprid, clothianidin and sulfoxaflor to C. septempunctata at 48 h was 107.80, 49.52 and 379.26 ml a.i. L−1. Sulfoxaflor and clothianidin were found the most toxic to S. graminum and C. septempunctata, respectively. Tested sublethal doses (LC10 and LC30) of all insecticides had significant effects on percent repellency of both S. graminum and C. septempunctata. Sulfoxaflor and clothianidin proved the most repellent to S. graminum (67.00 ± 2.03% at LC10 and 86.20 ± 1.62% at LC30) and C. septempunctata (50.60 ± 2.81% at LC10 and 60.00 ± 3.26% at LC30), respectively. Sublethal doses also demonstrated significant and the lowest percentage reduction in feeding by C. septempunctata on S. graminum in sulfoxaflor treatment (LC10: 4.13 ± 0.61%; LC30: 5.26 ± 0.69%). Additionally, sublethal doses reduced body-weight of C. septempunctata adults emerged from its treated grubs. These results revealed that sublethal doses of sulfoxaflor, imidacloprid and clothianidin negatively affected the biological activities of S. graminum and C. septempunctata as compared to control. Hence it can be concluded that more attention should be paid towards strategic application of these chemicals as a part of an integrated pest management program for an agro-ecosystem exhibiting maximum activity of coccinelid-predators. Overall, sulfoxaflor proved more appropriate for use against S. graminum in C. septempunctata manipulated agro-ecosystem. However, C. septempunctata compatible integration-strategy for field-application of sulfoxaflor should be devised to enhance its effectiveness against S. graminum and selectivity against C. septempunctata.

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Abbreviations

SAR:

Structure activity relationship

SP3 :

Mixing character of one 2 s-orbital and three 2p-orbitals to create four hybrid orbitals with similar characteristics

CF3 :

Trifluoromethyl

nAChR:

Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors

L:D:

Light:Dark

SL:

Soluble liquid

SC:

Suspension concentrate

C1 :

Highest concentration of stock solution

C2 :

Serial dilution from stock solution

sec:

Second(s)

min:

Minute(s)

d:

Day(s)

h:

Hour(s)

LC:

Lethal concentration

LC10 :

Lethal concentration required to kill 10% of insects

LC30 :

Lethal concentration required to kill 30% of insects

LC50 :

Lethal concentration required to kill 50% of insects

Nc :

Number of insects on the control half

Nt :

Number of insects on the treated half

Fc :

Number of prey consumed in control unit

Ft :

Number of prey consumed in treated unit

ANOVA:

Analysis of variance

Tukey’s HSD test:

Tukey’s Honestly Significant Difference test

CNS:

Central nervous system

IPM:

Integrated pest management

FDR:

Field Recommended Dose

ml/a:

milliliter per acre

a.i.:

Active ingredients; CL, Confidence interval; SE, Standard error; χ2, Chi-square; df, Degree of freedom

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Availability of data and material

The datasets used and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Rice Research Institute, Kala Shah Kaku, Punjab, Pakistan

    Bilal Atta, Muhammad Rizwan & Arshed Makhdoom Sabir

  2. Integrated Pest Management Laboratory, Department of Entomology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan

    Muhammad Dildar Gogi

  3. Department of Entomology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, (Burewala, Vehari Campus), Punjab, Pakistan

    Muhammad Asif Farooq

  4. Department of Zoology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan

    Abdullah Jamal

Authors
  1. Bilal Atta
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  2. Muhammad Rizwan
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  3. Arshed Makhdoom Sabir
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  4. Muhammad Dildar Gogi
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  5. Muhammad Asif Farooq
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  6. Abdullah Jamal
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Contributions

BA, MR and AMS designed the experiment. BA, MR and AJ conducted the experiment, collected and analyzed the data and wrote manuscript. MDG and MAF helped in apprehending the idea of this research, designing the layout of experiment and improving the write-up, format and language of this manuscript. BA and AJ contributed in data setting for analysis, reviewed the final manuscript and made the format of this manuscript according to the format of this journal. This final manuscript was ultimately perused, scrutinized and approved for final submission by all the authors.

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Correspondence to Bilal Atta.

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Atta, B., Rizwan, M., Sabir, A.M. et al. Lethal and sublethal effects of clothianidin, imidacloprid and sulfoxaflor on the wheat aphid, Schizaphis graminum (Hemiptera: Aphididae) and its coccinellid predator, Coccinella septempunctata. Int J Trop Insect Sci 41, 345–358 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42690-020-00212-w

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