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Microvascular Complications and Their Associated Risk Factors Among Rural Type 2 Diabetic Population: A Cross-Sectional Study

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Abstract

To determine the factors associated with progression of microvascular complications in T2DM patients and also to investigate the relationship between glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c, %) levels and risk factors associated with microvascular complications. A cross-sectional study was conducted in the rural area of Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India. A total of 64 subjects with the history of T2DM more than 5-year duration were included in the study. Micro-albuminuria, fundoscopy examination, and other biochemical parameters were assessed to rule out nephropathy and retinopathy. Out of the total 64 subjects, 48 (75%) were males and 16 (25%) were females. The mean age among the subjects was 57.9 ± 8.3 years. A strong association between poor glycemic control and progression of non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) and severely increased urinary albumin-creatinine ratio (UACR, mg/g) and diabetic nephropathy (DN) (p = 0.018, OR 3.95, and 95% CI 1.22, 12.78 and p = 0.0005, OR 6.5, and 95% CI 2.7.19.48) was observed. The level of education, annual income, and body mass index (BMI, kg/m2) are strongly associated with the development of NPDR (p < 0.05), and annual income, hypertension, and duration of T2DM are the influencing progression of micro-albuminuria (p < 0.05). The risk of developing NPDR, DN, and poor glycemic control among hypertensives (OR 1.5, 0.6, and 0.7) are more compared to normotensives. Some risk factors were not significant. The level of education, annual income, duration of diabetes, and BMI are the major risk factors for the progression of NPDR and also poor glycemic control that provokes to microvascular complications. Interventions are needed to regulate glycemic control to prevent or reverse the further progression of these complications.

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Acknowledgements

The authors are highly thankful to Endo-life medical camp team for providing extensive help and support to acquire the specific data of screened subjects. The authors also extend their appreciation to the chairman of Endo-life hospital, Guntur.

Funding

Self-funded study

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pharmacy Practice, Vignan Pharmacy College, Vadlamudi, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, 52213, India

    Ranakishor Pelluri

  2. Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Endo-life Specialty Hospital, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, 522001, India

    Ranakishor Pelluri & Kongara Srikanth

  3. Department of Pharmacy Practice, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education & Research, Deemed to be University, Porur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600116, India

    Ranakishor Pelluri & Vanitha Rani Nagasubramanian

  4. School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vignan’s Foundation for Science Technology and Research, Deemed to be University, Vadlamudi, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, 522213, India

    Jithendra Chimakurthy

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  1. Ranakishor Pelluri
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  2. Kongara Srikanth
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  3. Jithendra Chimakurthy
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  4. Vanitha Rani Nagasubramanian
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Contributions

Concept—K.S., VR.N; design—VRN; supervision—K.S., J.Ch.; material data collection and/or processing—RK.P., J.Ch.; analysis and/or interpretation—V.RN., RK.P; literature search—RK.P., J.Ch.; writing—RK.P., VR.N., J.Ch.; critical reviews—VR.N., J.Ch., K.S.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Vanitha Rani Nagasubramanian.

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Ethics Approval

The study procedure was approved by the Institutional Ethics Committee, Endo-life Specialty Hospital, Guntur, India, and the study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki.

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Informed consent was obtained from all subjects prior to screening.

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The authors declare no competing interests.

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Pelluri, R., Srikanth, K., Chimakurthy, J. et al. Microvascular Complications and Their Associated Risk Factors Among Rural Type 2 Diabetic Population: A Cross-Sectional Study. SN Compr. Clin. Med. 3, 625–631 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42399-021-00786-7

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