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An Update on Corneal Imaging Techniques: from Macroscale to Nanostructure

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Abstract

The structural integrity of the cornea and transparency are critical for normal vision. Corneal evaluation in ophthalmology and clinical research requires fast and user-friendly techniques allowing accurate diagnoses and follow-up of pathologies, injuries or surgery. Macroscopic irregularities in the anterior corneal surface are the main cause of irregular refractive vision problems. The microscopic and nanoscopic irregularities within the three-dimensional architecture of cornea are the cause of loss of optical transparency and scattering. In this review, the state of the art of the different corneal imaging techniques with three-dimensional capabilities will be detailed and discussed according to the descriptive level of analysis: macroscopic, microscopic and nanoscopic scales.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank Dr. Oscar del Barco for his support in reviewing the manuscript.

Funding

The authors gratefully acknowledge research support from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (Grant DPI2017-84047-R) and the Department of Industry and Innovation (Government of Aragon) through the research group Grant E44-17R (cofinanciando con Feder 2014-2020: Construyendo Europa desde Aragón).

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  1. Departamento de Física Aplicada, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain

    Francisco J. Ávila, Jorge Ares, Mª Victoria Collados, Mª Concepción Marcellán & Laura Remón

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  1. Francisco J. Ávila
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  2. Jorge Ares
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FA wrote the manuscript. JA, MVC, MCM and LR reviewed and contributed in the organization of the imaging techniques according to the hierarchical level.

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Correspondence to Francisco J. Ávila.

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Ávila, F.J., Ares, J., Collados, M.V. et al. An Update on Corneal Imaging Techniques: from Macroscale to Nanostructure. SN Compr. Clin. Med. 2, 1–10 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42399-019-00207-w

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