Abstract
Dragon fruit (Hylocereus spp.) is an important fruit crop for its high nutrition and profitability grown in India and many other countries. Dragon fruit stem samples exhibiting chlorosis and mottling symptoms, collected from Sangareddy district of Telangana, India revealed a flexuous rod-shaped virus with a length of ~ 600 nm in electron microscopic examination. The RT-PCR based detection of Cactus virus X using specific primers resulted in the production of ~ 900 bp amplicons covering the full length triple gene block protein 3 and coat protein regions. Further, cloning and sequence information of the ~ 900 bp amplicon revealed the presence of Cactus virus X (CVX) in dragon fruit. To our knowledge, this is the first record of CVX causing particular disease in dragon fruit from India.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Data availability
Cactus virus X sequence is available under accession number MW928851.
References
Abirami K, Sakthivel K, Sheoran N, Baskaran V, Gautam RK, Jerard BA, Kumar A (2019) Occurrence of anthracnose disease caused by Colletotrichum siamense on dragon fruit (Hylocereus undatus) in Andaman Islands, India. Plant Dis 103:768. https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-09-18-1489-PDN
Abirami K, Swain S, Baskaran V, Venkatesan K, Sakthivel K, Bommayasamy N (2021) Distinguishing three Dragon fruit (Hylocereus spp.) species grown in Andaman and Nicobar Islands of India using morphological, biochemical and molecular traits. Sci Rep 11:2894. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-81682-x
Balendres MA, Bengoa JC (2019) Diseases of dragon fruit (Hylocereus species): etiology and current management options. Crop Prot 126:104920. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cropro.2019.104920
Duarte L, Alexandre M, Galleti S (2008) Potexvirus diversity in Cactaceae from Sao Paulo state in Brazil. J Plant Pathol 90:545–551. https://www.jstor.org/stable/41998550
Evallo E, Taguiam JD, Balendres MA (2021) A brief review of plant diseases caused by Cactus virus X. Crop Prot 143:105566. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cropro.2021.105566
Gazis R, Poudel K, Dey K, Zhang S, Palmateer A, Campoverte E, Baker C, Adkins A (2018) First report of Cactus virus X in Hylocereus undatus (dragon fruit) in Florida. Plant Dis 102:12. https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-05-18-0725-PDN
Kim JS, Park CY, Nam M, Lee JS, Kim HG, Lee SH (2016) First report of Cactus virus X infecting Hylocereus undatus in Korea. Plant Dis 100:2544–2544. https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-06-16-0889-PDN
Liou MR, Hung CL, Liou RF (2001) First report of Cactus virus X on Hylocereus undatus (Cactaceae) in Taiwan. Plant Dis 85:229–229. https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS.2001.85.2.229A
Masanto M, Sijam K, Awang Y, Satar M (2018) First report of necrotic spot disease caused by Cactus virus X on dragon fruit (Hylocereus spp.) in Peninsular Malaysia. J Perlindungan Tanaman Indones 22:1–12. https://doi.org/10.22146/jpti.23763
Peng C, Yu NT, Luo ZW, Fan HY, He F, Li XH, Zhang ZL, Liu ZX (2016) Molecular identification of Cactus virus X infecting Hylocereus polyrhizus (Cactaceae) in Hainan island, China. Plant Dis 100:9. https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-01-16-0048-PDN
Tamura K, Stecher G, Peterson D, Filipski A, Kumar S (2013) MEGA6: molecular evolutionary genetics analysis version 6.0. Mol Biol Evol 30:2725–2729. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/mst197
Wakchaure GC, Satish Kumar, Meena KK, Rane J, Pathak H (2020) Dragon fruit cultivation in India: scope, marketing, constraints and policy issues. Technical bulletin No. 46. ICAR–National Institute of Abiotic Stress Management, Baramati, Pune, Maharashtra, India, pp 54
Zheng Q, Wang X, Zhou J, Ma Y (2020) Complete genome sequence of a new member of the genus Badnavirus from red pitaya (Hylocereus polyrhizus). Arch Virol 165:749–752. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00705-019-04503
Acknowledgements
Authors are grateful to Dr. Celia Chalam, Head (Acting), Division of Plant Quarantine, and Dr. Kuldeep Singh, Director, ICAR-NBPGR, New Delhi for providing facilities to accomplish this research work and for the encouragement.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Publisher’s Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Parameswari, B., Bajaru, B., Sivaraj, N. et al. First record of Cactus virus X in Dragon Fruit (Hylocereus spp.) in India. Indian Phytopathology 75, 297–299 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42360-021-00421-4
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s42360-021-00421-4