Abstract
Polymer–clay nanocomposites (PCNs) are potentially interesting as anti-corrosion surface pretreatment layers because of their outstanding barrier characteristics. Corrosion behavior of steel coated with epoxy–indole-modified clay nanocomposite films was studied. The electrochemical behavior of films containing polymer–clay nanocomposites was analyzed by potentiodynamic polarization techniques, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) measurements in 3.5% NaCl solution. Microstructural characterization and surface analysis of substrates and coatings were performed by FE-SEM/EDX techniques. Results from electrochemical measurements reveal good long-term corrosion protection of steel provided by polymer–indole-modified clay coating. This polymer–clay coating yields a highly ordered multilayered brick and mortar structure, where polymer provides a physical barrier for the diffusion of corrosive agents/corrosion products within the coating. The results of the study show that the incorporation of nanoclay has a significant effect on the mechanical behavior of composites. Mechanical properties of the coatings were found to be improved in the presence of modified nanoparticle. The adhesion strength was found to have increased (8.10 MPa) up to 2 wt.% and decreased in its value to 7.56 MPa for 3 wt.% of nanoclay reinforcement, which made the composite to become more brittle. The optimum loading of clay in the epoxy–fclay composites was attained at 2 wt.%, where the improvement in hardness and properties was seen.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
T.T.X. Hang, T.A. Truc, T.H. Nam, V.K. Oanh, J.-B. Jorcin, N. Pébère, Corrosion protection of carbon steel by an epoxy resin containing organically modified clay. Surf Coat Technol 201, 7408–7415 (2007)
E. Sezer, N. Kizilcan, K. Çoban, Application of ketone-based resins as anticorrosive coating. Int J Electrochem Sci 201, 1–9 (2011)
P.A. Sorensen, S. Kiil, K. Dam-Johansen, C.E. Weinell, Anticorrosive coatings: a review. Coat Technol Res 6(2), 135–176 (2009)
K.S. Triantafyllidis, P.C. LeBaron, I. Park, T.J. Pinnavaia, Epoxy clay fabric film composite with unprecedented oxygen barrier properties. Chem Mater 18, 4393–4398 (2006)
L. Allie, J. Thorn, H. Aglan, Evaluation of nanosilicate filled poly vinyl and epoxy coating. Corros.sci. 50, 2189–2196 (2008)
E. Bischoff, D.A. Simon, H.S. Schrekker, L. Ambrosio, S.A. Liberman, R.S. Mauler, Ionic liquid interfaces in halloysite nanocomposites with enhanced mechanical properties. Eur Polym J 82, 82–92 (2016)
M.G. Hosseini, M. Raghibi-Boroujeni, I. Ahadzadeh, R. Najjar, M.S. Seyed Dorraji, Sol gel coatings on metal corrosion. Prog Org Coat 66, 321–327 (2009)
Y. Lin, K.M. Ngb, C.M. Chan, G. Sun, High impact polystyrene/halloysite nanocomposites prepared by emulsion polymerization. J Colloid Interface Sci 358, 423–429 (2011)
K.S. Triantafyllidis, P.I. Xidas, T.J. Pinnavaia, Alternative synthetic routes to epoxy polymer clay nanocomposites using organic or mixed-ion clays modified by protonated di/triamines (jeffamines). Macromol Symp 267, 41–46 (2008)
D. Merachtsaki, K. Triantafyllidis, P. Spathis, Corrosion protection of steel by epoxy-organo clay nanocomposite coatings. Coatings 7(7), 84 (2017)
X. Joseph Raj, Application of EIS and SECM studies for investigation of anticorrosion properties of epoxy coatings containing zinc oxide nanoparticles on mild steel in 3.5% NaCl solution. J Mater Eng Perform 26(7), 3245–3253 (2017)
V. Bertolino, G. Cavallaro, G. Lazzara, S. Milioto, F. Parisi, Recent advances on surface modification of halloysite nanotubes for multifunctional applications. Langmuir: Appl Sci 33, 3317–3323 (2017)
J.M. Yeh, H.Y. Huang, C.L. Chen, W.F. Su, Y.H. Yu, Siloxane- modified epoxy resin clay nanocomposite coatings with advanced anti corrosive properties prepared by a solution dispersion approach. Surf Coat Technol 200, 2753–2763 (2006)
J. Tully, R. Yendluri, Y. Lvov, Halloysite clay nanotubes for enzyme immobilization. Int J Biol Macromol 17(2), 615–621 (2016)
P. Pal, M.K. Kundu, A. Malas, C.K. Das, Compatibilizing effect of halloysite nanotubes in polar-nonpolar hybrid system. J Appl Polym Sci 131(1), 39587 (2013)
V. Vahedi, P. Pasbakhsh, Instrumented impact properties and fracture behaviour of epoxy/modified halloysite nanocomposites. Polym Test 39, 101–114 (2014)
S.A. Hashemifard, A.F. Ismail, T. Matsuura, Mixed matrix membrane incorporated with large pore size halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) as filler for gas separation: morphological diagram. Chem Eng J 172(1), 581–590 (2011)
Z. Li, D. Fernandez Exposito, A. Jimenez Gonzalez, D.-Y. Wang, Natural halloysite nanotube based functionalized nanohybrid assembled via phosphorus-containing slow release method: a highly efficient way to impart flame retardancy to polylactide. Eur Polym J 93, 458–470 (2017)
R. Li, Q. He, Z. Hu, S. Zhang, L. Zhang, X. Chang, Highly selective solid-phase extraction of trace Pd (II) by murexide functionalized halloysite nanotubes. Anal.Chim.Acta 713, 136–144 (2012)
M.G. Shahri, A. Shafyei, A. Saidi, K. Abtahi, Formation of β-zirconia and γ-zirconia nano-particles from α-zirconia by mechanical activation. Ceram Int 40(8), 13217–13221 (2014)
R. Berahman, M. Raiati, M. Mehrabi Mazidi, S.M.R. Paran, Preparation and characterization of vulcanized silicone rubber/halloysite nanotube nanocomposites: effect of matrix hardness and HNT content. Mater Des 104, 333–345 (2016)
J.R. Xavier, T. Nishimura, Evaluation of the corrosion protection performance of epoxy coatings containing Mg nanoparticle on carbon steel in 0.1 M NaCl solution by SECM and EIS techniques. J Coatings Technol 14(2), 395–406 (2017)
J.R. Xavier, Investigation on the anticorrosion, adhesion and mechanical performance of epoxy nanocomposite coatings containing epoxy-silane treated nano-MoO3 on mild steel. J Adhes Sci Technol (2019). https://doi.org/10.1080/01694243.2019.1661658
J.R. Xavier, Effect of surface modified WO3 nanoparticle on the epoxy coatings for the adhesive and anticorrosion properties of mild steel. J Appl Polym Sci (2019). https://doi.org/10.1002/APP.48323
E. Huttunen-Saarivirta, G.V. Vaganov, V.E. Yudin, J. Vuorinen, Characterization and corrosion protection properties of epoxy powder coatings containing nanoclays. Prog Org Coat 76, 757–767 (2013)
J. Singh-Beemat, J.O. Iroh, L. Feng, Mechanism of corrosion protection of aluminum alloy substrate by hybrid polymer nanocomposite coatings. Prog Org Coat 76, 1576–1580 (2013)
Acknowledgements
The authors thank Prof. Dr. A. Abudhahir, Prof. Dr. techn.Koteswara Rao Anne, Prof. Dr. P. Sarasu, and the Management of Vel Tech Rangarajan Dr. Sagunthala R&D Institute of Science and Technology, Avadi, Chennai-600 062, Tamil Nadu, India, for their constant encouragement and constructive suggestions regarding this research.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Beryl, J.R., Xavier, J.R. Mechanical and corrosion protection properties of polymer–clay nanocomposite coatings for mild steel in marine environment. emergent mater. 3, 75–85 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42247-020-00073-6
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s42247-020-00073-6