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Cavitation vortex dynamics of unsteady sheet/cloud cavitating flows with shock wave using different vortex identification methods

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Abstract

Cavitation is a complex multiphase flow phenomenon with an abrupt transient phase change between the liquid and the vapor, including multiscale vortical motions. The transient cavitation dynamics is closely associated with the evolution of the cavitation vortex structures. The present paper investigates the cavitation vortex dynamics using different vortex identification methods, including the vorticity method, the Q criterion method, the Omega method (Ω), the λ2 method and the Rortex method. The Q criterion is an eigenvalue-based criterion, and in the Omega method, the parameter is normalized, is independent of the threshold value and in most conditions Ω=0.52. The Rortex method is based on an eigenvector-based criterion. Numerical simulations are conducted using the implemented compressible cavitation solver in the open source software OpenFOAM for the sheet/cloud cavitating flows around a NACA66 (mod) hydrofoil fixed at α=6°, σ=1.25 and Re=7.96×105. The flow is characterized by the alternate interactions of the re-entrant flow and the collapse induced shock wave. Results include the vapor structures and the vortex dynamics in the unsteady sheet/cloud cavitating flows, with emphasis on the vortex structures in the cavitation region, the cavity interface, the cavity closure, the cavity wakes, and the foil wakes with the shedding cavity. The comparisons of the various methods, including that the vorticity method, the Q criterion method, the Omega method, the λ2 method and the Rortex method, show the performances of different methods in identifying the cavitation vortex structures. Generally, during the attached cavity growth stage, the Q criteria can well predict the vortex structures in the cavitation region and at the foil trailing edge in the pure liquid region, while with the Omega method and the Rortex method, the vortex structures outside the attached cavity and on the foil pressure side can also be predicted. The λ2 method can well predict the vortex structures in the cavity closure region. During the re-entrant jet development stage, the vortex structures in the re-entrant jet region is weak. During the cavity cloud shedding stage, the vortex dynamics at the foil leading edge covered by newly grown cavity sheet is different from that during the attached cavity sheet growth stage. During the shock wave formation and propagation stage, strong vortex structures with both the size and the strength are observed owing to the cavity cloud shedding and collapse behavior. The influence of the small parameter ε in the Omega method on the cavitation vortex identification is discussed.

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Acknowledgements

This work is supported by the Open Foundation of State Key Laboratory of Ocean Engineering (Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China) (Grant No: 1611), and Open Fund for the Key Laboratory of Fluid and Power Machinery, Ministry of Education (Xihua University).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China

    Chang-chang Wang, Ying Liu, Jie Chen, Fu-yi Zhang, Biao Huang & Guo-yu Wang

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  1. Chang-chang Wang
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  2. Ying Liu
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  3. Jie Chen
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  4. Fu-yi Zhang
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  5. Biao Huang
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  6. Guo-yu Wang
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Biao Huang.

Additional information

Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 51839001 and 91752105).

Biography: Chang-chang Wang (1992-), Female, Ph. D.

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Wang, Cc., Liu, Y., Chen, J. et al. Cavitation vortex dynamics of unsteady sheet/cloud cavitating flows with shock wave using different vortex identification methods. J Hydrodyn 31, 475–494 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42241-019-0043-z

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s42241-019-0043-z

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