Abstract
In this study, hexagonal boron nitride nanoparticulates (BN: 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2 wt.%) and graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs: 0.15, 0.30, 0.45 wt.%) reinforced hybrid aluminum matrix composites were produced via the powder metallurgy (PM) process. In this process, mixing, dispersing, drying, filtering, compaction, and heat treatment were applied. The microstructure, Vickers hardness, density, compressive strength, and phase analysis of Al-BN, Al-BN-graphene composites, and pure Al were evaluated. The phase and microstructural analyses of the specimens were examined by an X-ray diffraction device and a scanning electron microscope. The results showed that maximum density (2.63 ± 0.01 g/cm3), minimum porosity (2.6%), maximum micro Vickers hardness (58 ± 1.5 HV), and the highest ultimate compressive strength (260 MPa) were achieved at Al-1BN-0.15GNP composite compared with pure Al and Al-BN. A significant improvement in ultimate compressive strength and micro-Vickers hardness of Al-1BN-0.15GNPs was obtained as ~ 225% and ~ 87% in comparison with those of pure aluminum. As a result, the mechanical properties of Al-BN-GNP hybrid composites were improved up to 1%BN and 0.15%graphene contents. Over these contents, the mechanical strength deteriorated due to the clumping of GNPs and nano-BN particles.
Graphical Abstract
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Miracle BB (2005) Metal matrix composites–from science to technological significance. Compos Sci Technol 65:2526–2540
Sahin Y, Murphy S (1996) The effect of fibre orientation of the dry sliding wear of borsic-reinforced 2014 aluminium alloy. J Mater Sci 31:5399–5407
Hanumanth GS, Irons GA (1993) Particle incorporation by melt stirring for the production of metal-matrix composites. J Mater Sci 28:2459–2465
Kok M (2005) Production and mechanical properties of Al2O3 particle-reinforced 2024 aluminium alloy composites. J Mater Process Tech 161:381–387
Chawla KK (2006) Composite materials. Springer, New York
Koli DK, Agnihotri G, Purohit R (2015) Advanced aluminium matrix composites: the critical need of automotive and aerospace engineering fields. Mater Today-Proc 2:3032–3041
Macke A, Schultz BF, Rohatgi P (2012) Metal matrix composites offer the automotive industry an opportunity to reduce vehicle weight, improve performance. Adv Mater Process 170:19–23
Penchal Reddy M, Manakarib V, Parande G, Ubaida F, Shakoora RA, Mohamed AMA, Gupta M (2018) Enhancing compressive, tensile, thermal and damping response of pure Al using BN nanoparticles. J Alloy Compd 762:398–408
Gostariani R, Ebrahimi R, Asadabad MA, Paydar MH (2018) Mechanical properties of Al/BN nanocomposites fabricated by planetary ball milling and conventional hot extrusion. Acta Metall Sin 31:245–253
Gopinath S, Prince M, Raghav GR (2020) Enhancing the mechanical, wear and corrosion behaviour of stir casted aluminium 6061 hybrid composites through the incorporation of boron nitride and aluminium oxide particles. Mater Res Express 7:1–12
Wang J, Li Z, Fan G, Pan H, Chen Z, Zhang D (2012) Reinforcement with graphene nanosheets in aluminum matrix composites. Scripta Mater 66:594–597
Geim AK, Novoselov KS (2007) The rise of graphene Nature Mater 6:183–191
Randviir EP, Brownson DAC, Banks CE (2014) A decade of graphene research: production, applications and outlook. Mater Today 17:426–432
Savage N (2012) Materials science: super carbon. Nature 482:30–31
Singh V, Joung D, Zhai L, Das S, Khondaker SI, Seal S (2011) Graphene based materials: past, present and future. Prog Mater Sci 56:1178–1271
Chen JK, Huang IS (2013) Thermal properties of aluminum–graphite composites by powder metallurgy. Compos Part B-Eng 44:698–703
Guo YM, Yi DQ, Liu HQ, Wang B, Jiang B, Wang HS (2020) Mechanical properties and conductivity of graphene/Al-8030 composites with directional distribution of graphene. J Mater Sci 55:3314–3328
Şenel MC, Gürbüz M, Koç E (2018a) Mechanical and tribological behaviors of aluminum matrix composites reinforced by graphene nanoplatelets. J Mater Sci Technol 34:1980–1989
Turan ME, Sun Y, Akgül Y, Turen Y, Ahlatci H (2017) The effect of GNPs on wear and corrosion behaviors of pure magnesium. J Alloy Compd 724:14–23
Şenel MC, Gürbüz M (2020) Microstructure and wear behaviour of graphene-Si3N4 binary particle reinforced aluminium hybrid composites. B Mater Sci 43:1–11
Shin SE, Choi HJ, Shin JH, Bae DH (2014) Strengthening behavior of few-layered graphene/aluminum composites. Carbon 82:143–151
Pérez-Bustamante R, Bolaños-Morales D, Bonilla-Martínez J, Estrada-Guel I, Martínez-Sánchez R (2014) Microstructural and hardness behavior of graphene-nanoplatelets/aluminum composites synthesized by mechanical alloying. J Alloy Compd 615:578–582
Yan SJ, Dai SL, Zhang XY, Yang C, Hong QH, Chen JZ, Lin ZM (2014) Investigating aluminum alloy reinforced by graphene nanoflakes. Mat Sci Eng A-Struct 612:440–444
Boostani AF, Tahamtan S, Jiang ZY, Wei D, Yazdani S, Khosroshahi RA, Mousavian T, Xu J, Zhang X, Gong D (2015) Enhanced tensile properties of aluminum matrix composites reinforced with graphene encapsulated SiC nanoparticles. Compos Part A-Appl S 68:155–163
Li JL, Xiong YC, Wang XD, Yan SJ, Yang C, He WW, Chen JZ, Wang SQ, Zhang XY, Dai SL (2015) Microstructure and tensile properties of bulk nanostructured aluminum/graphene composites prepared via cryomilling. Mat Sci Eng A-Struct 626:400–405
Rashad M, Pan F, Tang A, Asif M (2014) Effect of graphene nanoplatelets addition on mechanical properties of pure aluminium using a semi-powder method. Prog Nat Sci- Mater 24:101–108
Bartolucci SF, Paras J, Rafiee MA, Rafiee J, Lee S, Kapoor D, Koratkar N (2011) Graphene–aluminum nanocomposites. Mat Sci Eng A-Struct 528:7933–7937
Bastwros M, Kim GY, Zhu C, Zhang K, Wang S, Tang X, Wang X (2014) Effect of ball milling on graphene reinforced Al6061 composite fabricated by semi-solid sintering. Compos Part B-Eng 60:111–118
Gürbüz M, Şenel MC, Koç E (2018) The effect of sintering temperature, time and graphene addition on the mechanical properties and microstructure of aluminum composites. J Compos Mater 52:553–563
Şenel MC, Gürbüz M, Koç E (2018b) The fabrication and characterization of synergistic Al-SiC-GNPs hybrid composites. Compos Part B-Eng 154:1–9
Chen C, Guo L, Luo J, Hao J, Guo Z, Volinsky AA (2015) Aluminum powder size and microstructure effects on properties of boron nitride reinforced aluminum matrix composites fabricated by semi-solid powder metallurgy. Mat Sci Eng A-Struct 646:306–314
Hashim FA, Aldulkader N, Jasim NS (2018) Effect of nano BN addition on the properties of an aluminum metal matrix composite. Eng Technol J 36:691–695
Firestein KL, Steinman AE, Golovin IS, Cifre J, Obraztsova EA, Matveev AT, Kovalskii AM, Lebedev OI, Shtansky DV, Golberg D (2015) Fabrication, characterization, and mechanical properties of spark plasma sintered Al-BN nanoparticle composites. Mat Sci Eng A-Struct 642:104–112
Du Y, Li S, Zhang K, Lu K (1997) BN/Al composite formation by high energy ball milling. Scr Mater 36:7–14
Yusupov KU, Corthay S, Bondarev AV, Kovalskii AM, Matveev AT, Arkhipov D, Golberg DV, Shtansky DV (2019) Spark plasma sintered Al-based composites reinforced with BN nanosheets exfoliated under ball milling in ethylene glycol. Mat Sci Eng A-Struct 745:74–81
Li G, Xiong B (2017) Effects of graphene content on microstructures and tensile property of graphene-nanosheets/aluminum composites. J Alloy Compd 697:31–36
Şenel MC, Gürbüz M, Koç E (2019) The fabrication and characterization of aluminum hybrid composites reinforced with Si3N4/GNPs binary particles. J Compos Mater 53:4043–4054
Bardestani R, Patience GS, Kaliaguine S (2019) Experimental methods in chemical engineering: specific surface area and pore size distribution measurements - BET, BJH, and DFT. Can J Chem Eng 97:2781–2791
Dieter GE (1961) Mechanical metallurgy. McGraw-Hill, London
Habibi MK, Joshi SP, Gupta M (2010) Hierarchical magnesium nano-composites for enhanced mechanical response. Acta Mater 58:6104–6114
Cao Z, Wang X, Li J, Wu Y, Zhang H, Guo J, Wang S (2017) Reinforcement with graphene nanoflakes in titanium matrix composites. J Alloy Compd 696:498–502
Torralba JM, Costa CE, Velasco F (2003) P/M aluminum matrix composites: an overview. J Mater Process Tech 133:203–206
Kaczmar JW, Pietrzak K, Wlosinski W (2000) The production and application of metal matrix composite materials. J Mater Process Tech 106:58–67
Hu Z, Tong G, Nian Q, Xu R, Saei M, Chen F, Chen C, Zhang M, Guo H, Xu J (2016) Laser sintered single layer graphene oxide reinforced titanium matrix nanocomposites. Compos Part B-Eng 93:352–359
Chen C, Ding Z, Tan Q, Qi H, He Y (2014) Preperation of nano α-alumina powder and wear resistance of nanoparticles reinforced composite coating. Powder Technol 257:83–87
Rashad M, Pan F, Yu Z, Asif M, Lin H, Pan R (2015) Investigation on microstructural, mechanical and electrochemical properties of aluminum composites reinforced with graphene nanoplatelets. Prog Nat Sci-Mater 25:460–470
Acknowledgments
The authors of this study thank Black Sea Advanced Technology Research and Application Center (KITAM) in Ondokuz Mayıs University (OMU) for SEM and XRD analysis.
Funding
This work was supported by the [Scientific Researched Project Department of Ondokuz Mayıs University] under [grant number PYO.MUH.1901.20.001].
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
Additional information
Publisher’s Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Şenel, M.C., Gürbüz, M. Synergistic effect of graphene/boron nitride binary nanoparticles on aluminum hybrid composite properties. Adv Compos Hybrid Mater 4, 1248–1260 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42114-021-00209-0
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s42114-021-00209-0