Abstract
In present work, the doping of ZnO nanoparticles has been achieved successfully by the addition of intentional impurity in the ZnO lattice by two transitions and one other metal namely iron, silver, and bismuth, respectively (Zn1−xO-Fex, Zn1−xO-Bix, and Zn1−xO-Agx; x = 10%). The aim of the work is to enhance the optical and antimicrobial efficiency of ZnO by doping with different metals and study the effect on structural, morphological, and optical properties. The as-synthesized pure and doped ZnO were characterized using advanced tools i.e. TEM, SEM, XRD, FT-IR, EDX, UV-DRS, BET, AFM, and Raman spectroscopy. The antimicrobial activity of pure and doped ZnO was tested on Gram-positive and -negative bacteria by agar disc diffusion assay. The significant change was observed in the optical and morphological properties of ZnO after doping clearly due to the influence of dopant ions.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Serrano E, Rus G, Garc J (2009) Nanotechnology for sustainable energy. Renew Sust Energ Rev 13:2373–2384
Banerjee D et al (2004) Synthesis and photoluminescence studies on ZnO nanowires. Nanotechnology. 15:404–409
Philippot K, Serp P (2013) Concepts in nanocatalysis. Nanomaterials in Catalysis 1:1–54
Raciukaitis G et al. (2008) Accumulation effects in laser ablation of metals with high-repetition-rate lasers; Proc. SPIE 7005, High-Power Laser Ablation VII, 70052L–70052L–11. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.782937
Kumar S, Singh F, Kapoor A (2014) Synthesis and characterization of nano-crystalline ZnO quantum dots via sol-gel route for dye-sensitized solar cells. Int J Recent Trends Electr Electron Eng 4(1):25–29
Bandekar G et al (2013) Synthesis, characterization and photocatalytic activity of PVP stabilized ZnO and modified ZnO nanostructures. Appl Nanosci 4(2):199–208
Arruda LB et al (2013) Sonochemical synthesis and magnetism in Co-doped ZnO nanoparticles. J Supercond Nov Magn 26:2515–2519. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10948-012-1417-4
Addahi PM et al (2014) Effect of doping on structural and optical properties of ZnO nanoparticles: a study of antibacterial properties. Mater Sci-Pol 32(2):130–135
Peña-Garcia R, Guerra Y, Farias BVM, Santos FEP, Nobre FX, Caland JP et al (2019) Unusual thermal dependence of saturation magnetization in zinc oxide nanoparticles doped with transition metals obtained by sol-gel method. Ceram Int 45(1):918–929
Gao T, Li Q, Wang T (2005) Sonochemical synthesis, optical properties, and electrical properties of core/shell-type ZnO nanorod/CdS nanoparticle composites. Chem Mater 17:887–892
Heo YW et al (2004) ZnO: growth. Mater Sci Eng R:34–40
Khorsand Zak A et al (2013) Sonochemical synthesis of hierarchical ZnO nanostructures. Ultrason Sonochem 20(1):395–400
Thankalekshmi RR, Dixit S, Rastogi AC (2013) Doping sensitive optical scattering in zinc oxide nanostructured films for solar cells. Adv Mater Lett 4 (1):9–14
Wu X et al (2014) Optical and magnetic properties of Fe doped ZnO nanoparticles obtained by hydrothermal synthesis. J Nanomater 792102:1–7
Samadi M et al (2016) Recent progress on doped ZnO nanostructures for visible-light photocatalysis. Thin Solid Films 605:2–19
Guo-heng Z et al (2013) Engineering of electronic and optical properties of ZnO thin films via Cu doping. Chin Phys B 22(4):4–7
Xian F et al (2013) Characteraction of Ag-doped ZnO thin film synthesized by sol-gel method and its using in thin film solar cells. Optik. 124:4876–4879
Xie W et al (2010) Surface modification of ZnO with Ag improves its photocatalytic efficiency and photostability. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 216(2–3):149–155. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jphotochem.2010.06.032
Bechambi O et al (2015) Applied surface science photocatalytic activity of ZnO doped with Ag on the degradation of endocrine disrupting under UV irradiation and the investigation of its antibacterial activity. Appl Surf Sci 347:414–420
Chakma S, Bhasarkar JB, Moholkar VS (2013) Preparation, characterization, and application of sonochemically doped Fe3+ into ZnO nanoparticles. Int J Res Eng Technol 2(8):177–183
Chen C et al (2015) Photocatalyst ZnO-doped Bi2O3 powder prepared by spray pyrolysis Z: Zn/Bi oxide. Powder Technol 272:316–321. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2014.11.036
Hosseini SM et al (2015) Effect of Ag doping on structural, optical, and photocatalytic properties of ZnO nanoparticles. J Alloys Compd 640:408–415
Johar MA et al (2015) Photocatalysis and bandgap engineering using ZnO nanocomposites. Adv Mater Sci Eng 934587:22. https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/934587
Natarajan TS, Tayade RJ (2017) Photocatalysis: present, past, and future. Inorganic pollutants in wastewater. Methods Anal Removal Ttreat 16(1):63. https://doi.org/10.21741/9781945291357-1
Reza M et al (2017) Application of doped photocatalysts for organic pollutant degradation - a review. J Environ Manag 198:78–94
Khan SH, Pathak B, Fulekar MH (2016) Development of zinc oxide nanoparticle by sonochemical method and study of their physical and optical properties. In AIP Conference Proceedings 1724:020108. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4945228
Neamtu J, Volmer M (2014) The influence of doping with transition metal ions on the structure and magnetic properties of zinc oxide thin films. Sci World J 265969, 7 pages:1–8. https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/265969
Zhang Y, Apostoluk A, Theron C, Cornier T, Canut B, Daniele S, Masenelli B (2019) Doping of ZnO inorganic-organic nanohybrids with metal elements. Sci Rep 9(1):1–10
Hossienzadeh K, Maleki A, Daraei H, Safari M, Pawar R, Lee SM (2019) Sonocatalytic and photocatalytic efficiency of transition metal-doped ZnO nanoparticles in the removal of organic dyes from aquatic environments. Korean J Chem Eng 36(8):1360–1370
Kazeminezhad I, Saadatmand S, Yousefi R (2016) Effect of transition metal elements on the structural and optical properties of ZnO nanoparticles. Bull Mater Sci 39(3):719–724
Martin N, Capochichi-Gnambodoe M, Le Pivert M, Leprince-Wang Y (2019) A comparative study on the photocatalytic efficiency of ZnO nanowires doped by different transition metals. Acta Phys Pol A 135(3)
Ghosh B, Bagani K, Majumder S, Modak M, Ray MK, Sardar M, Banerjee S (2019) Can one introduce long-range ferromagnetism by doping transition metal in wide bandgap semiconducting ZnO? Results Phys 12:623–628
Fern M (2013) Influence of Fe ions on the optical properties of Fe – ZnO inverse. J Supercond Nov Magn:2447–2449
Karamat S et al (2014) Structural, elemental, optical and magnetic study of Fe doped ZnO and impurity phase formation. Prog Nat Sci 24(2):142–149. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pnsc.2014.03.009
Khan SH, Pathak B, Fulekar MH (2018) Synthesis, characterization and photocatalytic degradation of chlorpyrifos by novel Fe: ZnO nanocomposite material. Nanotechnol Environ Eng 3:13. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41204-018-0041-3
Khatir NM et al (2016) Sol-gel grown Fe-doped ZnO nanoparticles: antibacterial and structural behaviors. J Sol-Gel Sci Technol 78(1):91–98. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10971-015-3922-y
Lin Y et al (2007) Fe-doped ZnO magnetic semiconductor by mechanical alloying. J Alloys Compd 436:30–33. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2006.07.011
Abed S et al (2015) Influence of Bi doping on the electrical and optical properties of ZnO thin films. Superlattice Microst 85:370–378. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.spmi.2015.06.008
Li F et al (2010) Applied surface science synthesis and characterization of ZnO – Ag core-shell nanocomposites with uniform thin silver layers. Appl Surf Sci 256(20):6076–6082. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2010.03.123
Chinnammal J, Sailatha E, Gunasekaran S (2015) Synthesis, characteristics and antimicrobial activity of ZnO nanoparticles. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 144:17–22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.saa.2015.02.041
Navale GR, Thripuranthaka M, Late DJ, Shinde SS (2015) Antimicrobial activity of ZnO nanoparticles against pathogenic bacteria and fungi. JSM Nanotechnol Nanomed 3(1):1033
AL-Jawad SM, Sabeeh SH, Taha AA, Jassim HA (2018) Studying structural, morphological and optical properties of nanocrystalline ZnO: Ag films prepared by sol–gel method for antimicrobial activity. J Sol-Gel Sci Technol 87(2):362–371
Qi K, Cheng B, Yu J, Ho W (2017) Review on the improvement of the photocatalytic and antibacterial activities of ZnO. J Alloys Compd 727:792–820
da Silva BL, Abuçafy MP, Manaia EB, Junior JAO, Chiari-Andréo BG, Pietro RCR, Chiavacci LA (2019) Relationship between structure and antimicrobial activity of zinc oxide nanoparticles: an overview. Int J Nanomedicine 14:9395
Verma R, Chauhan A, Shandilya M, Li X, Kumar R, Kulshrestha S (2020) Antimicrobial potential of Ag-doped ZnO nanostructure synthesized by the green method using Moringa oleifera extract. J Environ Chem Eng 8(3):103730. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2020.103730
Khan SH (2020) Green nanotechnology for the environment and sustainable development. In: Green materials for wastewater treatment. Springer, Cham, pp 13–46
Sathya M, Pushpanathan K (2018) Synthesis and optical properties of Pb doped ZnO nanoparticles. Appl Surf Sci 449:346–357
Huber S, Mardare CC, Kleber C, Hassel AW (2019) Structural, electrical, and optical effects of metal doping on ZnO thin films. Phys Status Solidi A 216(12):1800942
Nejati K, Rezvani Z, Pakizevand R (2011) Synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles and investigation of the ionic template effect on their size and shape. Int Nano Lett 1(2):75–81
Bomila R, Suresh S, Srinivasan S (2019) Synthesis, characterization and comparative studies of dual doped ZnO nanoparticles for photocatalytic applications. J Mater Sci Mater Electron 30(1):582–592
Alam SN et al (2012) SEM, EDX & XRD of zinc oxide nanostructures synthesized by zinc oxidation. Microsc Anal 26(4):11–14
Rodnyi PA, Khodyuk IV (2011) Optical and luminescence properties of zinc oxide. Opt Spectrosc 111(5):776–785
Deraz NM, Alarifi A (2012) Fabrication and characterization of pure and doped Zn/Fe nanocomposites. Int J Electrochem Sci 7:3809–3816
Prakash T, Neri G, Bonavita A, Kumar ER, Gnanamoorthi K (2015) Structural, morphological and optical properties of Bi-doped ZnO nanoparticles synthesized by a microwave irradiation method. J Mater Sci Mater Electron 26(7):4913–4921
Singh A, Singh NB, Afzal S, Singh T, Hussain I (2018) Zinc oxide nanoparticles: a review of their biological synthesis, antimicrobial activity, uptake, translocation and biotransformation in plants. J Mater Sci 53(1):185–201
Güler SH, Evin E (2016) Electrical and optical properties of ZnO-milled Fe2O3 nanocomposites produced by powder metallurgy route. Optik. 127:3187–3191
Caglar Y, Caglar M, Ilican S (2018) XRD, SEM, XPS studies of Sb doped ZnO films and electrical properties of its based Schottky diodes. Optik 164:424–432
Chai HY, Lam SM, Sin JC (2019) Green synthesis of magnetic Fe-doped ZnO nanoparticles via Hibiscus rosa-sinensis leaf extracts for boosted photocatalytic, antibacterial and antifungal activities. Mater Lett 242:103–106
Ma Y, Choi TW, Cheung SH, Cheng Y, Xu X, Xie YM et al (2019) Charge transfer-induced photoluminescence in ZnO nanoparticles. Nanoscale 11(18):8736–8743
Marvinney CE, Shen X, McBride JR, Critchlow D, Li Z, Mayo DC et al (2018) Effect of material structure on photoluminescence of ZnO/MgO core-shell nanowires. ChemNanoMat 4(3):291–300
Shamhari NM, Wee BS, Chin SF, Kok KY (2018) Synthesis and characterization of zinc oxide nanoparticles with small particle size distribution. Acta Chim Slov 65(3):578–585
Sett A, Mukhopadhyay AK, Mondal M, Majumder S, Bhattacharyya TK (2018) Tuning surface defects of mesoporous ZnO nanorods for high-speed humidity sensing application. 018 IEEE SENSORS, New Delhi, pp 1–4. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSENS.2018.8589790
Leofanti G, Padovan M, Tozzola G, Venturelli BJCT (1998) Surface area and pore texture of catalysts. Catalysis Today 41(1–3):207–219
Ji W, Li L, Song W, Wang X, Zhao B, Ozaki Y (2019) Enhanced Raman scattering by ZnO superstructures: synergistic effect of charge transfer and Mie resonances. Angew Chem Int Ed
Praveena R, Sameera VS, Mohiddon MA, Krishna MG (2019) Surface plasmon resonance, photoluminescence, and surface-enhanced Raman scattering behavior of Ag/ZnO, ZnO/Ag and ZnO/Ag/ZnO thin films. Phys B Condens Matter 555:118–124
Suresh S, Karthikeyan S (2016) Optical, magnetic and photocatalytic properties of magnetically separable Fe3O4 - doped ZnO and pristine ZnO nanospheres. J Iran Chem Soc 13(11):2049–2057
Aljawfi RN, Rahman F, Batoo KM (2013) Surface defect mediated magnetic interactions and ferromagnetism in Cr/Co Co-doped ZnO nanoparticles. J Magn Magn Mater 332:130
Raja A, Ashokkumar S, Marthandam RP, Jayachandiran J, Khatiwada CP, Kaviyarasu K et al (2018) Eco-friendly preparation of zinc oxide nanoparticles using Tabernaemontana divaricata and its photocatalytic and antimicrobial activity. J Photochem Photobiol B Biol 181:53–58
Zare M, Namratha K, Alghamdi S, Mohammad YHE, Hezam A, Zare M et al (2019) Novel green biomimetic approach for the synthesis of ZnO-Ag nanocomposite; antimicrobial activity against food-borne pathogen, biocompatibility, and solar photocatalysis. Sci Rep 9(1):8303
Kumari N, Kumari P, Jha AK, Prasad K (2018) Enhanced antimicrobial activity in biosynthesized ZnO nanoparticles. In AIP Conference Proceedings 1953:030054. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5032389
Ibănescu M, Muşat V, Textor T, Badilita V, Mahltig B (2014) Photocatalytic and antimicrobial Ag/ZnO nanocomposites for functionalization of textile fabrics. J Alloys Compd 610:244–249
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding authors
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
Additional information
Publisher’s note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Khan, S.H., Pathak, B. & Fulekar, M.H. A study on the influence of metal (Fe, Bi, and Ag) doping on structural, optical, and antimicrobial activity of ZnO nanostructures. Adv Compos Hybrid Mater 3, 551–569 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42114-020-00174-0
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s42114-020-00174-0