Abstract
Over several years, increasing environmental awareness and the reuse of waste materials have shown great interest in recent days due to their superior properties and applications. An attempt was made to generate a material called “bio-hybrid composite” for which applications like ropes and mats. In the present work, coconut and banana fibers are used as biodegradable composite fibers. The sodium hydroxide was used as treatment to clean coconut and banana fibers to remove impurities, and hence it is essential now in industries. This type of material meets all the requirements, and many industries are looking for more eco-friendly materials that produce higher strength, light weight, and low material cost. The mechanical properties and the wear rate are improved by the addition of 10% of banana fiber. Efforts to develop the advantages offered by renewable resources are beneficial not only to the environment but also to the industrial sectors.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Bharath KN, Basavarajappa S (2016) Applications of biocomposite materials based on natural fibers from renewable resources: a review. Sci Eng Compos Mater 23(2):123–133
Chuayjuljit S, Rattanametangkool P, Potiyaraj P (2007) Preparation of cardanol-formaldehyde resins from cashew nut shell liquid for the reinforcement of natural rubber. J Appl Polym Sci 104(3):1997–2002
Faruk O, Bledzki AK, Fink HP, Sain M (2012) Biocomposites reinforced with natural fibers Pro Polym Sci 37(11):1552–96
Mahato K, Goswami S, Ambarkar A (2014) Morphology and mechanical properties of sisal fibre/vinyl ester composites. Fibers Polym 15(6):1310–1320
Ahmed S, Ahsan A, Hasan M (2017) Physico-mechanical properties of coir and jute fibre reinforced hybrid polyethylene composites. Int J Autom Mech Eng 14(1):3927–3937
Balaji A, Karthikeyan B, Swaminathan J, Sundar Raj C (2018) Thermal behavior of cardanol resin reinforced 20 mm long untreated bagasse fiber composites. Int J Polym Anal Charact 23(1):70–77
Morassaei MS, Zinatloo-Ajabshir S, Salavati-Niasari M (2016) Simple salt-assisted combustion synthesis of Nd2 Sn2O7-SnO2 nanocomposites with different amino acids as fuel: an efficient photocatalyst for the degradation of methyl orange dye. J Mater Sci Mater Electron 27(11):11698–11706
Razi F, Zinatloo-Ajabshir S, Salavati-Niasari M (2017) Preparation, characterization and photocatalytic properties of Ag2ZnI4/AgI nanocomposites via a new simple hydrothermal approach. J Mol Liq 225:645–651
Zinatloo-Ajabshir S, Salavati-Niasari M, Zinatloo-Ajabshir Z (2016) Nd2Zr2O7-Nd2O3 nanocomposites: new facile synthesis, characterization and investigation of photocatalytic behaviour. Mater Lett 180:27–30
Dendena B, Corsi S (2014) Cashew, from seed to market: a review. Agron Sustain Dev 34(4):753–772
Balaji A, Karthikeyan B, Swaminathan J, Sundar Raj C (2019) Effect of filler content of chemically treated short bagasse fiber-reinforced cardanol polymer composites. J Nat Fibers 16(4):613–627
Udhayasankar R, Karthikeyan B, Balaji A (2018) Coconut shell particles reinforced cardanol-formaldehyde resole resin biocomposites: effect of treatment on thermal properties. Int J Polym Anal Charactr 23(3):252–259
Huang Z, Wang N, Zhang Y, Hu H, Luo Y (2012) Effect of mechanical activation pretreatment on the properties of sugarcane bagasse/poly (vinyl chloride) composites. Compos A Appl Sci Manuf 43(1):114–120
Vinod B, Ramanathan S (2018) Effect of Zener-Hollomon parameter on the flow behaviour and microstructure evolution of Al alloy with organic-inorganic hybrid composites. Int J Plast Technol 22(1):137–160
Vinod B, Ramanathan S, Anandajothi M (2018) Effect of organic and inorganic reinforcement on tribological behaviour of aluminium A356 matrix hybrid composite. J Bio Tribo Corros 4(3):45
Ramanathan S, Vinod B, Anandajothi M (2019) Effect of organic and inorganic reinforced particulates for fatigue behaviour of Al-Si7-Mg0.3 hybrid composite: V-notched and un-notched specimen experiments with microstructural constituents. SN Appl Sci 1(1):19
Vinod B, Ramanathan S, Ananthi V, Selvakumar N (2019) Fabrication and characterization of organic and in-organic reinforced A356 aluminium matrix hybrid composite by improved double-stir casting. Silicon 11(2):817–829
Teja KS, Manikanta A, Ganesh KV, Lokesh D, Ali MA (2017) Evaluation of mechanical properties of coir-jute-glass fibres reinforced composite. IJPAMS 116(5):135–139
Saw SK, Akhtar K, Yadav N, Singh AK (2014) Hybrid composites made from jute/coir fibers: water absorption, thickness swelling, density, morphology, and mechanical properties. J Nat Fibers 11(1):39–53
Stalin B, Athijayamani A (2016) The performance of bio waste fibres reinforced polymer hybrid composite. Int J Mater Eng Innov 7(1):15–25
Onuegbu TU, Umoh ET, Okoroh NC (2013) Tensile behaviour and hardness of coconut fibre-ortho unsaturated polyester composites. Global J Sci Front Res Chem 13(1):1–7
Agunsoye JO, Aigbodion VS (2013) Bagasse filled recycled polyethylene bio-composites: morphological and mechanical properties study. Results Physics 3:187–194
Suresh S, Sudhakara D, Vinod B (2019) Investigation of bio-waste natural fiber-reinforced polymer hybrid composite: effect on mechanical and tribological characteristics of biodegradable composites. Mech of Soft Mater 1(1):12
Das G, Biswas S (2016) Physical, mechanical and water absorption behaviour of coir fiber reinforced epoxy composites filled with Al2O3 particulates. IOP Conf Ser Mater Sci Eng 115:012012
Ragunath S, Velmurugan C, Kannan T, Thirugnanam S (2018) Evaluation of tensile, flexural and impact properties on sisal/glass fiber reinforced polymer hybrid composites. Indian J Eng Mater Sci 25:425–431
Lv J, Zeng D, Wei C (2015) Mechanical and wear properties of sisal fiber cellulose microcrystal reinforced unsaturated polyester composites. Adv Polym Technol 34(2):1–8
Rao CC, Madhusudan S, Raghavendra G, Rao EV (2012) Investigation in to wear behavior of coir fiber reinforced epoxy composites with the Taguchi method. Int J Eng Res Appl 2:2248–9622
Maya MG, George SC, Jose T, Sreekala MS, Thomas S (2017) Mechanical properties of short sisal fibre reinforced phenol formaldehyde eco-friendly composites. Polymers Renew Resour 8(1):27–42
Johnson RD, Arumugaprabu V, Ko TJ (2018) Mechanical Property, Wear Characteristics, Machining and Moisture Absorption Studies on Vinyl Ester Composites-a Review. Silicon 11(5):2455–70
Kumar PA, Suresha B, Hemanth R (2018) Mechanical and tribological behavior of vinyl ester hybrid composites. Tribology in Indust 40(2):283–299
Rao KS, Gupta NV (2016) Mechanical properties of sisal/coir fiber reinforced hybrid composites fabricated by cold pressing method. IOP Conf Ser Mater Sci Eng 149:012092
Khan A, Ahmad MA, Joshi S, Al Said SA (2014) Abrasive wear behavior of chemically treated coir fibre filled epoxy polymer composites. American J Mech Eng and Automation 1(1):1–5
Chand N, Dwivedi UK (2008) Sliding wear and friction characteristics of sisal fibre reinforced polyester composites: effect of silane coupling agent and applied load. Polym Compos 29(3):280–284
Nallusamy S, Rekha RS, Karthikeyan A (2017) Investigation on Mechanical Properties of Coir Fiber Reinforced Polymer Resin Composites Saturated with Different Filling Agents. IOP Conf Ser Mater Sci Eng 225:012283
Arsyad M, Wardana I, Irawan YS (2015) The morphology of coconut fiber surface under chemical treatment. Matéria (Rio de Janeiro) 20(1):169–177
Khan A, Ahmad MA, Joshi S (2015) A systematic study for electrical properties of chemically treated coir fiber reinforced epoxy composites with ANN model. Int J Sci & Res 4(1):410–414
Suresh S, Sudhakara D, Vinod B (2020) Investigation on Industrial Waste Eco-Friendly Natural Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Composites. J Bio Tribo Corros 6(2):1–4
Oladele IO, Olajide JL, Daramola OO, Siaw KB (2017) Re-evaluation of bovine fiber biomass as exploitable keratinous bio-resource for biomedical and industrial applications. J Minerals Mater Character Eng 5(01):1
Acknowledgments
The corresponding author wishes to thank the Department of Mechanical Engineering, Siddhartha Institute of Science and Technology (Autonomous) Puttur, India, for providing facilities and necessary support in conducting experiments and discussion in the research work.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
Additional information
Publisher’s note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Vinod, B., Suresh, S. & Sudhakara, D. Investigation of biodegradable hybrid composites: effect of fibers on tribo-mechanical characteristics. Adv Compos Hybrid Mater 3, 194–204 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42114-020-00148-2
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s42114-020-00148-2