Abstract
In future communication networks with Internet of Things (IoT), each of the smart devices will be able to communicate with other smart devices ubiquitously throughout the time clock. These smart devices contain limited amount of energy, memory, and processing power. Additionally, short range radios are very susceptible to noise, multi route distortion, and interference. In this context this paper proposes an energy efficient link stable routing (EELSR) to conserve energy of the smart devices and to account link stability for enhancing the network lifetime. In order to verify the correctness of the proposed routing, first, analytical models for link stability, and residual energy of a route have proposed, second, an optimal route selection algorithm that uses residual energy of a route, link stability of a route, and route distance, has been designed. The performance of the proposed EELSR is evaluated and compared with AODV and REL in the terms of network life time, packet delivery ratio, routing success probability, and route setup delay. EELSR outperforms the state of art routing algorithms.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Zanella A, Bui N, Castellani A, Vangelista L, Zorzi M (2014) Internet of things forsmart cities. IEEE Internet Things J. 1(1):22–32
Kamalinejad P, Mahapatra C, Sheng Z, Mirabbasi S, Leung V, Guan YL (2015) Wireless energy harvesting for the internet of things. IEEE Commun Mag 53(6):102–108
Kaiwartya O, Abdullah AH, Cao Y, Altameem A, Prasad M, Lin C and Liu X (2016) Internet of vehicles: motivation, layered architecture, network model, challenges and future aspects. IEEE Access 99. https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2016.2603219
Grieco LA, Rizzo A, Colucci S, Sicari S, Piro G, Paola DD, Boggia G (2014) IoT-aided robotics applications: technological implications, target domains and open issues. Comput Commun 54:32–47
Aijaz A, Aghvami AH (2015) Cognitive machine-to-machine communications for internet-of-things: a protocol stack perspective. IEEE Internet Things J 2(2):103–112
Lin YB et al (2015) EasyConnect: a management system for IoT devices and its applications for interactive design and art. IEEE Internet Things J 2(6):551–561
Kumar S, Raza Z (2017) “Using clustering approaches for response time aware job scheduling model for internet of things (IoT). Int J Inf Technol. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41870-017-0020-0 (Springer)
Bello O, Zeadally S (2014) Intelligent device communication in the internet of things. Syst J IEEE 1(99):1–11
Evans D (2011) The internet of things: how the next evolution of the Internet is changing everything. Cisco IBSG, San Francisco
Atzori L, Iera A, Morabito G (2010) The internet of things: a survey. Comput Netw 54:2787–2805. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comnet.2010.05.010
Kopetz H (1997) Real-time systems: design principles for distributed embedded applications. Real-Time Systems Series. Springer, New York
Jia X, Feng Q, Fan T, and Lei Q (2012) RFID Technology and Its Applications in Internet of Things (IoT). In: 2nd International Conference on Consumer Electronics, Communications and Networks (CECNet), no. 21–23 April 2012, pp. 1282–1285. https://doi.org/10.1109/CECNet.2012.6201508
Gubbi J, Buyya R, Marusic S, Palaniswami M (2013) Internet of Things(IoT): a vision, architectural elements and future directions. Future Gen Comput Syst 29(7):1645–1660 (ELSEVIER)
Atzori L, Iera A, Morabito G (2010) The internet of things: a survey. Comput Netw 54(16):2787–2805
Singh D, Triroutei G and Jara AJ A survey of Internet-of-things: future vision, architecture, challenges and services Internet of things (WF-IoT). In: Proceeding IEEE world forum on, pp. 287–292
Dhumane A, Prasad R and Prasad J (2016) Routing issues in internet of things: a survey. In: Proceedings of the International MultiConference of Engineers and Computer Scientists Vol. I, IMECS :2016, March 16–18, 2016, Hong Kong
Liu CH, Fan J, Branch JW, Leung KK (2014) Toward QoI and Energy-Efficiency in Internet-of-Things Sensory Environments. IEEE Trans Emerg Topics Comput 2(4):473–487
Nguyen TD, Khan JY, Ngo DT (2016) Energy harvested roadside IEEE 802.15.4 wireless sensor networks for IoT applications. Ad Hoc Netw pp. 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adhoc.2016.12.003
Tseng YC, Li YF, Chang YC (2003) On route lifetime in multihop mobile ad hoc networks. IEEE Trans Mobile Comput 2(4):366–376
Rango FD, Guerriero F, Fazio P (2012) Link-stability and energy aware routing protocol in distributed wireless networks. IEEE Trans Parallel Distrib Syst IEEE 23(4):713–726
Meghanathan N (2007) Stability-energy consumption tradeoff among mobile ad hoc network routing protocols. In: Proc. Third Int’l Conf. Wireless and Mobile Comm. (ICWMC’07), Mar. 2007
Frey H, Rührup S, Stojmenović I (2009) Routing in wireless sensor networks. Wireless sensor networks. Springer, Berlin, pp 81–111
Stojmenovic I, Lin X (2001) Loop-free hybrid single-route/flooding routing algorithms with guaranteed delivery for wireless networks. IEEE Trans Parallel Distrib Syst 12(10):1023–1032
Kranakis E, Singh H and Urrutia J (1999) Compass routing on geometric networks. In: Proc. 11th Canadian Conference on Computational Geometry
Stojmenovic I, Ruhil AP, Lobiyal DK (2006) Voronoi diagram and convex hull based geocasting and routing in wireless networks. Wireless communications and mobile computing, Wiley 6(2):247–258
Watanabe M and Higaki H (2007) No-beacon GEDIR: location-based ad-hoc routing with less communication overhead. In: IEEE Fourth International Conference on Information Technology, ITNG’0, pp 48–55, April 2007
Kumar V, Kumar S (2016) Energy balanced position-based routing for lifetime maximization of wireless sensor networks. Ad Hoc Netw. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adhoc.2016.08.006
Shelby Z, Bormann C (2009) 6LoWPAN : the wireless embedded internet. Wiley, Chichester. https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470686218
Winter T, Thubert P and Brandt A et al (2012) “RPL: IPv6 routing protocol for low power and lossy networks,” (RFC 6550). Accessed Mar 2014
Shelby J, Hartkey K and Bormann C (2014) The Constrained Application Protocol (CoAP)”, (RFC 7252). Accessed June 2014
Perkins C, Belding-Royer E and Das S (2013) “Ad hoc on Demand Distance Vector (AODV) Routing,” (RFC3561). http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3561.txt. Accessed 30 Jan 2013
Marina MK, Das SR (2002) Ad-hoc on demand multiroute distance vector. Mobile Comput Commun ACM 6(3):92–93
Butt M, Javed M, Akbar A, Taj Q, Lim C and Kim K (2010) Labile: link quality-based lexical routing metric for reactive routing Protocolin IEEE 802.15.4 Networks. In: Processing of Future Information Technology (FutureTech), pp 1–6, 2010
Chung Y (2011) An energy-efficient unicast routing protocol for wireless sensor Networks. Tech. Int J Comput Sci Emerg Tech 2:60–64
Liu Y et al (2016) An energy efficiency communications approach for delay minimizing in internet of things. IEEE Access 4:3775–3793
Chellouge S (2015) Energy-efficient content-based routing in internet of things. J Comput Commun Sci Res 3(12):9–20
Liu CH, Fan J, Branch JW, Leung KK (2014) Toward QoI and energy-efficiency in internet-of-things sensory environments. IEEE Trans Emerg Topics Comput 2(4):473–487
Shu Y, Shu Z, Luo B (2014) Incentive mechanism design for heterogeneous networking routing. J Commun Netw 16(4):458–464
Machado K, Rosário D, Cerqueira E, Loureiro AAF, Neto A, de Souza JN (2013) A routing protocol based on energy and link quality for internet of thing applications. Sensors MDPI 13:1942–1964
Rango FD et al (2006) A multi-objective approach for energy consumption and link stability issues in Ad Hoc networks. IEEE Comm Lett 10(1):28–30
Colletter Y, Siany P (2003) Multiobjective optimization: principles and case studies, decision engineering. Springer, Berlin
Skriver AJV, Andersen KA (2000) A label correcting approach for solving bicriterion shortest route problems. Comput Oper Res 27:507–524
Meghanathan N and Farago A (2004) Looking at protocol efficiency from a new angle: stability-delay analysis. InL Proc. Second Int’l Conf. Mobile Computing and Networking, pp. 51-55
Tanino T, Tanaka T, Inuiguchi M (2003) Multi-objective programming and goal programming: theory and applications. Springer, Berlin
Heinzelman WR, Chandrakasan A, Balakrishnan H (2000) An application-specific protocol architecture for wireless microsensor networks. IEEE Trans Wireless Commun 1(4):1–10
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Kumar, K., Kumar, S. Energy efficient link stable routing in internet of things. Int. j. inf. tecnol. 10, 465–479 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s41870-018-0141-0
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s41870-018-0141-0