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A Linkage Between Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) and Meteorological Drought over the Eastern Gangetic Plain of India

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Abstract

The meteorological drought is a recurring phenomenon for Bihar, a densely populated Indian state situated on the Eastern Gangetic Plain (EGP). Drought largely affects a wide population of the state since most people residing here predominantly depend on agriculture for livelihood. The linkage between Aerosol and Indian Summer Monsoon Rainfall (ISMR) or southwest monsoon rainfall is a complex process affecting the hydrological cycle, which in turn may cause meteorological drought over the study area. Therefore, the relation between the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI); a metric for categorising drought intensity, and Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) are examined from 2000 to 2019. The high resolution (0.25° × 0.25°) gridded rainfall data (2000–2019) of India Meteorological Department (IMD) and AOD data (2000–2019) at a resolution of 1° × 1° at 550 nm from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectro-radiometer (MODIS) products are analysed. To understand the role of the aerosol on rainfall and to further investigate the influence on underlying cloud properties as a probable cause of meteorological drought, MODIS-derived cloud parameters namely, Cloud Top Temperature (CTT), Cloud Top Pressure (CTP), and Cloud Fraction (CF) at the resolution of 1° × 1° for the period of 2000–2019 have been examined. A strong inverse relationship between CTT/CTP and SPI whereas as a directly positive relationship between CTT/CTP and AOD is found thus a strong correlation between SPI and AOD is also well verified by cloud parameters. A possible linkage between aerosols and drought conditions through indirect and semi direct effects of aerosol cloud interactions was also found to be quite important for Bihar & EGP.

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Acknowledgements

The authors acknowledge the Indian Meteorological Department, India, for gridded rainfall data as well as to Giovanni of NASA GES DISC, for providing datasets. “Analyses and visualizations used in this study were produced with the Giovanni online data system, developed and maintained by the NASA GES DISC”. Blue Marble Dataset (https://neo.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/view.php?datasetId=BlueMarbleNG-TB), GTOPO DEM dataset (http://clima-dods.ictp.it/regcm4/SURFACE/) and river shapefile data (https://datacatalog.worldbank.org/dataset/major-rivers-world) used in visualisation are well acknowledged. We are also thankful to the two anonymous reviewers for their valuable comments which significantly improved the quality of the manuscript.

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  1. Department of Environmental Science, School of Earth, Biological and Environmental Science, Central University of South Bihar (CUSB), SH-7, Gaya Panchanpur Road, P.O: Fatehpur, Gaya, Bihar, 824236, India

    P. Parth Sarthi, Sunny Kumar & Archisman Barat

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PPS conceptualised the idea for this research, framed the experiments and lead authored the manuscript. SK acquired and extracted the data along with file and data handling tasks, and executed the experiments. AB contributed in plotting and visualisation of data and in manuscript. All authors contributed in modification of plots and the manuscript where deemed to be necessary.

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Correspondence to P. Parth Sarthi or Sunny Kumar.

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Parth Sarthi, P., Kumar, S. & Barat, A. A Linkage Between Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) and Meteorological Drought over the Eastern Gangetic Plain of India. Aerosol Sci Eng 5, 440–450 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s41810-021-00113-6

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