Abstract
Agricultural waste, such as rice husk (RH), can be utilized directly or by converting it into various value-added chemicals or functional materials. This minireview has two main objectives: the first is to provide collective information about conversion of RH to value-added products via chemical treatments and the second is to enlist with discussion the various functional materials derived from RH. The chemical treatments help remove recalcitrant structure of lignin and allow carbon-rich organic compounds to separate from RH. The useful products obtained from RH through this method are xylooligosaccharides, bioethanol, levulinic acid, butyric acid, vanillin, benzoic acid, etc. The production of functional materials does not require pretreatment of RH. In this method, RH is combined with metals, non-metals, or their oxides to obtain the functional materials. Due to their porous nature, these RH-based functional materials are used in various applications, such as micro- or nano-adsorbents for the removal of harmful organic and inorganic pollutants; as catalysts because of their active catalytic sites; and as electrode materials because of their high surface area and good carbon quality. In this review, the relevant and latest reports about these applications are discussed with critical analysis.
Graphical Abstract
Highlights
-
Rice husk (RH) is a useful agricultural waste.
-
RH can be transformed into useful materials for various applications.
-
Value-added chemicals can be obtained on suitable treatment of RH.
-
RH can be used as a raw material in small industries.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
6. References
Abdel-Khalek AA, Badran SR, Marie M-AS (2020) The effective adsorbent capacity of rice husk to iron and aluminum oxides nanoparticles using Oreochromis niloticus as a bioindicator: biochemical and oxidative stress biomarkers. Environ Sci Pollut Res 27:23159–23171. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-08906-x
Acharya J, Kumar U, Rafi PM (2018) Removal of heavy metal ions from wastewater by chemically modified agricultural waste material as potential adsorbent—a review. IJCET. https://doi.org/10.14741/ijcet/v.8.3.6
Akhtar M, Iqbal S, Kausar A, Bhanger MI, Shaheen MA (2010) An economically viable method for the removal of selected divalent metal ions from aqueous solutions using activated rice husk. Colloids Surf, B 75:149–155. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfb.2009.08.025
Akhter F, Soomro SA, Jamali AR, Chandio ZA, Siddique M, Ahmed M (2021) Rice husk ash as green and sustainable biomass waste for construction and renewable energy applications: a review. Biomass Conv Bioref. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13399-021-01527-5
Alam MM, Hossain MA, Hossain MD, Johir MH, Hossen J, Rahman MS, Zhou JL, Hasan ATMK, Karmakar AK, Ahmed MB (2020) The potentiality of rice husk-derived activated carbon: from synthesis to application. Processes 8:203. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr8020203
Aldaco R, Hoehn D, Laso J, Margallo M, Ruiz-Salmón J, Cristobal J, Kahhat R, Villanueva-Rey P, Bala A, Batlle-Bayer L, Fullana-i-Palmer P, Irabien A, Vazquez-Rowe I (2020) Food waste management during the COVID-19 outbreak: a holistic climate, economic and nutritional approach. Sci Total Environ 742:140524. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140524
Amran M, Debbarma S, Ozbakkaloglu T (2021) Fly ash-based eco-friendly geopolymer concrete: a critical review of the long-term durability properties. Constr Build Mater 270:121857. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.121857
Ang TN, Ngoh GC, Chua ASM (2013) Comparative study of various pretreatment reagents on rice husk and structural changes assessment of the optimized pretreated rice husk. Biores Technol 135:116–119. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2012.09.045
Azadi M, Bahrololoom ME, Heidari F (2011) Enhancing the mechanical properties of an epoxy coating with rice husk ash, a green product. J Coat Technol Res 8:117–123. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11998-010-9284-z
Bakar AHA, Carey CJN (2020) Extraction of silica from rice straw using alkaline hydrolysis pretreatment. IOP Conf Ser Mater Sci Eng 778:012158. https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/778/1/012158
Bakar RA, Yahya R, Gan SN (2016) Production of high purity amorphous silica from rice husk. Proc Chem 19:189–195. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proche.2016.03.092
Bakonyi P, Peter J, Koter S, Mateos R, Kumar G, Koók L, Rózsenberszki T, Pientka Z, Kujawski W, Kim S-H, Nemestóthy N, Bélafi-Bakó K, Pant D (2020) Possibilities for the biologically-assisted utilization of CO2-rich gaseous waste streams generated during membrane technological separation of biohydrogen. J CO Utiliz 36:231–243. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcou.2019.11.008
Balitaan JNI, Yeh J-M, Santiago KS (2020) Marine waste to a functional biomaterial: Green facile synthesis of modified-β-chitin from Uroteuthis duvauceli pens (gladius). Int J Biol Macromol 154:1565–1575. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.11.041
Baruah J, Nath BK, Sharma R, Kumar S, Deka RC, Baruah DC, Kalita E (2018) Recent trends in the pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass for value-added products. Front Energy Res 6:2
Beaino S, El Hage P, Sonnier R, Seif S, El Hage R (2022) Novel foaming-agent free insulating geopolymer based on industrial fly ash and rice husk. Molecules 27:531. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27020531
Bhuvaneshwari S, Hettiarachchi H, Meegoda JN (2019) Crop residue burning in India: policy challenges and potential solutions. Int J Environ Res Public Health 16:832. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16050832
Bisht N, Gope PC, Rani N (2020) Rice husk as a fibre in composites: a review. J Mech Behav Mater 29:147–162. https://doi.org/10.1515/jmbm-2020-0015
Bonura G, Cordaro M, Cannilla C, Arena F, Frusteri F (2014) The changing nature of the active site of Cu-Zn-Zr catalysts for the CO2 hydrogenation reaction to methanol. Appl Catal B 152–153:152–161. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcatb.2014.01.035
Chai L, Wang Y, Zhao N, Yang W, You X (2013) Sulfate-doped Fe3O4/Al2O3 nanoparticles as a novel adsorbent for fluoride removal from drinking water. Water Res 47:4040–4049. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2013.02.057
Cheah W-K, Ooi C-H, Yeoh F-Y (2016) Rice husk and rice husk ash reutilization into nanoporous materials for adsorptive biomedical applications: A review. Open Mater Sci. https://doi.org/10.1515/mesbi-2016-0004
Chen M-Y, Tsai Y-C, Tseng C-F, Lin H-P, Hsi H-C (2019) Using rice-husk-derived porous silica modified with recycled Cu from industrial wastewater and Ce to remove Hg0 and NO from simulated flue gases. Aerosol Air Qual Res 19:2557–2567. https://doi.org/10.4209/aaqr.2019.09.0468
Chen J, Liu J, Wu D, Bai X, Lin Y, Wu T, Zhang C, Chen D, Li H (2021) Improving the supercapacitor performance of activated carbon materials derived from pretreated rice husk. J Energy Storage 44:103432. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.est.2021.103432
Cheng JJ, Stomp A-M (2009) Growing duckweed to recover nutrients from wastewaters and for production of fuel ethanol and animal feed. Clean: Soil, Air, Water 37:17–26. https://doi.org/10.1002/clen.200800210
Costa JAS, Sarmento VHV, Romão LPC, Paranhos CM (2019) Synthesis of functionalized mesoporous material from rice husk ash and its application in the removal of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Environ Sci Pollut Res 26:25476–25490. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-019-05852-1
Czupryński P, Płotka M, Glamowski P, Żukowski W, Bajda T (2022) An assessment of an ion exchange resin system for the removal and recovery of Ni, Hg, and Cr from wet flue gas desulphurization wastewater—a pilot study. RSC Adv 12:5145–5156. https://doi.org/10.1039/D1RA09426B
Delgado JA, Águeda VI, Uguina MA, Sotelo JL, García-Sanz A, García A (2015) Separation of ethanol–water liquid mixtures by adsorption on BPL activated carbon with air regeneration. Sep Purif Technol 149:370–380. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2015.06.011
Demirbas A (2008) Heavy metal adsorption onto agro-based waste materials: a review. J Hazard Mater 157:220–229. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2008.01.024
Docherty KM, Joyce MV, Kulacki KJ, Kulpa CF (2010) Microbial biodegradation and metabolite toxicity of three pyridinium-based cation ionic liquids. Green Chem 12:701–712. https://doi.org/10.1039/B919154B
Docherty KM, Aiello SW, Buehler BK, Jones SE, Szymczyna BR, Walker KA (2015) Ionic liquid biodegradability depends on specific wastewater microbial consortia. Chemosphere 136:160–166. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.05.016
Duque-Acevedo M, Belmonte-Ureña LJ, Cortés-García FJ, Camacho-Ferre F (2020) Agricultural waste: review of the evolution, approaches and perspectives on alternative uses. Global Ecol Conserv 22:e00902. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gecco.2020.e00902
Elakkiah C (2019) Rice husk ash (RHA)—the future of concrete. In: Das BB, Neithalath N (eds) Sustainable construction and building materials. Springer, Singapore, pp 439–447
El-Bery HM, Saleh M, El-Gendy RA, Saleh MR, Thabet SM (2022) High adsorption capacity of phenol and methylene blue using activated carbon derived from lignocellulosic agriculture wastes. Sci Rep 12:5499. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-09475-4
Fapohunda C, Akinbile B, Shittu A (2017) Structure and properties of mortar and concrete with rice husk ash as partial replacement of ordinary Portland cement—a review. Int J Sustain Built Environ 6:675–692. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsbe.2017.07.004
Gangopadhyay S, Frolov DD, Masunov AE, Seal S (2014) Structure and properties of cerium oxides in bulk and nanoparticulate forms. J Alloy Compd 584:199–208. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2013.09.013
Gaur VK, Sharma P, Sirohi R, Awasthi MK, Dussap C-G, Pandey A (2020) Assessing the impact of industrial waste on environment and mitigation strategies: a comprehensive review. J Hazard Mater 398:123019. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123019
Geethakarthi A (2021) Novel Approaches Towards sustainable management of an agricultural residue—the rice husk. https://doi.org/10.46488/NEPT.2021.V20I01.040
Gholami A, Pourfayaz F, Maleki A (2020) Recent advances of biodiesel production using ionic liquids supported on nanoporous materials as catalysts: a review. Front Energy Res 8:2
Gonzales RR, Kim S-H (2017) Dark fermentative hydrogen production following the sequential dilute acid pretreatment and enzymatic saccharification of rice husk. Int J Hydrogen Energy 42:27577–27583. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2017.08.185
Goodman BA (2020) Utilization of waste straw and husks from rice production: a review. JBB 5:145–169. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobab.2020.07.001
Guo Y, Chen X, Liu W, Wang X, Feng Y, Li Y, Ma L, Di B, Tian Y (2020) Preparation of rice husk-based C/SiO2 composites and their performance as anode materials in lithium ion batteries. J Electron Mater 49:1081–1089. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11664-019-07785-4
Hasanov I, Raud M, Kikas T (2020) The role of ionic liquids in the lignin separation from lignocellulosic biomass. Energies 13:4864. https://doi.org/10.3390/en13184864
Hashim LH, Halilu A, Sudarsanam P, Umar YB, Johan MRB, Bhargava SK (2020) Bifunctional rice husk-derived SiO2-Cu-Al-Mg nanohybrid catalyst for one-pot conversion of biomass-derived furfural to furfuryl acetate. Fuel 275:117953. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2020.117953
Heidari M, Dutta A, Acharya B, Mahmud S (2019) A review of the current knowledge and challenges of hydrothermal carbonization for biomass conversion. J Energy Inst 92:1779–1799. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joei.2018.12.003
Hossain SS, Mathur L, Roy PK (2018) Rice husk/rice husk ash as an alternative source of silica in ceramics: a review. J Asian Ceram Soc 6:299–313. https://doi.org/10.1080/21870764.2018.1539210
Hossain N, Nizamuddin S, Griffin G, Selvakannan P, Mubarak NM, Mahlia TMI (2020) Synthesis and characterization of rice husk biochar via hydrothermal carbonization for wastewater treatment and biofuel production. Sci Rep 10:18851. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-75936-3
Ilyas S, Srivastava RR, Kim H (2020) Disinfection technology and strategies for COVID-19 hospital and bio-medical waste management. Sci Total Environ 749:141652. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141652
Ismagilov ZR, Shikina NV, Andrievskaya IP, Rudina NA, Mansurov ZA, Burkitbaev MM, Biisenbaev MA, Kurmanbekov AA (2009) Preparation of carbonized rice husk monoliths and modification of the porous structure by SiO2 leaching. Catal Today 147:S58–S65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cattod.2009.07.043
Jayapal N, Samanta AK, Kolte AP, Senani S, Sridhar M, Suresh KP, Sampath KT (2013) Value addition to sugarcane bagasse: xylan extraction and its process optimization for xylooligosaccharides production. Ind Crops Prod 42:14–24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2012.05.019
Jüntgen H (1986) Activated carbon as catalyst support: a review of new research results. Fuel 65:1436–1446. https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-2361(86)90120-1
Khataei MM, Epi SBH, Lood R, Spégel P, Yamini Y, Turner C (2022) A review of green solvent extraction techniques and their use in antibiotic residue analysis. J Pharm Biomed Anal 209:114487. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpba.2021.114487
Khat-udomkiri N, Sivamaruthi BS, Sirilun S, Lailerd N, Peerajan S, Chaiyasut C (2018) Optimization of alkaline pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis for the extraction of xylooligosaccharide from rice husk. AMB Express 8:115. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13568-018-0645-9
Klangpetch W, Pattarapisitporn A, Phongthai S, Utama-ang N, Laokuldilok T, Tangjaidee P, Wirjantoro TI, Jaichakan P (2022) Microwave-assisted enzymatic hydrolysis to produce xylooligosaccharides from rice husk alkali-soluble arabinoxylan. Sci Rep 12:11. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-03360-2
Knickmeyer D (2020) Social factors influencing household waste separation: a literature review on good practices to improve the recycling performance of urban areas. J Clean Prod 245:118605. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.118605
Li Y, Huang Y, Wang X, Liu W, Yu K, Liang C (2020) Simple synthesis of rice husk hollow carbon-coated flower ZnO for the anode in a high performance lithium-ion battery. J Phys Chem Solids 145:109540. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpcs.2020.109540
Liang S, Yu K, Li Y, Liang C (2020) Rice husk-derived carbon@SnO2@graphene anode with stable electrochemical performance used in lithium-ion batteries. Mater Res Express 7:015021. https://doi.org/10.1088/2053-1591/ab61a0
Liou T-H, Liou YH (2021) Utilization of rice husk ash in the preparation of graphene-oxide-based mesoporous nanocomposites with excellent adsorption performance. Materials 14:1214. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14051214
Liou T-H, Wang P-Y (2020) Utilization of rice husk wastes in synthesis of graphene oxide-based carbonaceous nanocomposites. Waste Manage 108:51–61. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2020.04.029
Liu X, Chen X, Yang L, Chen H, Tian Y, Wang Z (2016) A review on recent advances in the comprehensive application of rice husk ash. Res Chem Intermed 42:893–913. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11164-015-2061-y
Liu P, Shi S, Gao L, Xiao G (2022) Efficient conversion of xylan and rice husk to furfural over immobilized imidazolium acidic ionic liquids. Reac Kinet Mech Cat. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11144-022-02172-3
Menya E, Olupot PW, Storz H, Lubwama M, Kiros Y (2018) Production and performance of activated carbon from rice husks for removal of natural organic matter from water: a review. Chem Eng Res Des 129:271–296. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cherd.2017.11.008
Moayedi H, Aghel B, Abdullahi MM, Nguyen H, Rashid SA (2019) Applications of rice husk ash as green and sustainable biomass. J Clean Prod 237:117851. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.117851
Montipó S, Roslander C, Camassola M, Galbe M, Wallberg O (2021) Steam pretreatment of rice hulls to release fermentable saccharides: an approach to improve recovery of (hemi)cellulosic sugars through multivariate design. Rice Sci 28:501–510. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rsci.2021.07.010
Munir MJ, Kazmi SMS, Gencel O, Ahmad MR, Chen B (2021) Synergistic effect of rice husk, glass and marble sludges on the engineering characteristics of eco-friendly bricks. J Build Eng 42:102484. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2021.102484
Nabil M, Mahmoud KR, El-Shaer A, Nayber HA (2018) Preparation of crystalline silica (quartz, cristobalite, and tridymite) and amorphous silica powder (one step). J Phys Chem Solids 121:22–26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpcs.2018.05.001
Naz S, Uroos M, Ayoub M (2021) Cost-effective processing of carbon-rich materials in ionic liquids: an expeditious approach to biofuels. ACS Omega 6:29233–29242. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.1c04881
Nehrenheim E (2014) Waste management: introduction. In: Nehrenheim E (ed) Reference module in earth systems and environmental sciences. Elsevier, Amsterdam
Niculescu V-C, Raboaca MS (2021) Efficient rice-husk-derived silica nanocatalysts for organic dye removal from water. Catalysts 11:815. https://doi.org/10.3390/catal11070815
Nithya R, Sivasankari C, Thirunavukkarasu A (2021) Electronic waste generation, regulation and metal recovery: a review. Environ Chem Lett 19:1347–1368. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10311-020-01111-9
Park JY, Gu YM, Park SY, Hwang ET, Sang B-I, Chun J, Lee JH (2021) Two-stage continuous process for the extraction of silica from rice husk using attrition ball milling and alkaline leaching methods. Sustainability 13:7350. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13137350
Patil Nita B, Sharanagouda H (2017) Rice husk and its applications: review. Int J Curr Microbiol App Sci 6(10):1144–1156. https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2017.610.138
Peiris MA, Gunarathne DS (2021) Parametric and kinetic study of washing pretreatment for K and Cl removal from rice husk. Heliyon. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e08398
Pham T-D, Le T-M-A, Pham T-M-Q, Dang V-H, Vu K-L, Tran T-K, Hoang T-H (2021) Synthesis and characterization of novel hybridized CeO2@SiO2 nanoparticles based on rice husk and their application in antibiotic removal. Langmuir 37:2963–2973. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c03632
Phonphuak N, Chindaprasirt P (2015) 6—Types of waste, properties, and durability of pore-forming waste-based fired masonry bricks. In: Pacheco-Torgal F, Lourenço PB, Labrincha JA, Kumar S, Chindaprasirt P (eds) Eco-efficient masonry bricks and blocks. Woodhead Publishing, Oxford, pp 103–127
Pillai P, Kakadiya N, Timaniya Z, Dharaskar S, Sillanpaa M (2020) Removal of arsenic using iron oxide amended with rice husk nanoparticles from aqueous solution. Mater Today Proc 28:830–835. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2019.12.307
Prasara-A J, Gheewala SH (2017) Sustainable utilization of rice husk ash from power plants: a review. J Clean Prod 167:1020–1028. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.11.042
Rajamani S, Santhosh R, Raghunath R, Jadhav SA (2021) Value-added chemicals from sugarcane bagasse using ionic liquids. Chem Pap 75:5605–5622. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11696-021-01732-6
Rezaei M, Karimi torshizi MA, Shariatmadari F, (2014) Inclusion of processed rice hulls as insoluble fiber in the diet on performance and digestive traits of Japanese Quails. J Anim Sci Adv 4:962. https://doi.org/10.5455/jasa.20140724124546
Saraswathy V, Song H-W (2007) Corrosion performance of rice husk ash blended concrete. Constr Build Mater 21:1779–1784. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2006.05.037
Shamsollahi Z, Partovinia A (2019) Recent advances on pollutants removal by rice husk as a bio-based adsorbent: a critical review. J Environ Manage 246:314–323. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.05.145
Shen Y (2017) Rice husk silica derived nanomaterials for sustainable applications. Renew Sustain Energy Rev 80:453–466. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2017.05.115
Shrestha LK, Thapa M, Shrestha RG, Maji S, Pradhananga RR, Ariga K (2019) Rice husk-derived high surface area nanoporous carbon materials with excellent iodine and methylene blue adsorption properties. Cell 5:10. https://doi.org/10.3390/c5010010
Shu Y, Zhang F, Wang H (2019) Manganese–cerium mixed oxides supported on rice husk based activated carbon with high sulfur tolerance for low-temperature selective catalytic reduction of nitrogen oxides with ammonia. RSC Adv 9:23964–23972. https://doi.org/10.1039/C9RA03937F
Siddika A, Mamun MdAA, Ali MdH (2018) Study on concrete with rice husk ash. Innov Infrastruct Solut 3:18. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41062-018-0127-6
Siddika A, Mamun MdAA, Alyousef R, Mohammadhosseini H (2021) State-of-the-art-review on rice husk ash: a supplementary cementitious material in concrete. J King Saud Univ Eng Sci 33:294–307. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jksues.2020.10.006
Singh B (2018) 13—Rice husk ash. In: Siddique R, Cachim P (eds) Waste and supplementary cementitious materials in concrete. Woodhead Publishing, pp 417–460
Siriworarat K, Deerattrakul V, Dittanet P, Kongkachuichay P (2017) Production of methanol from carbon dioxide using palladium-copper-zinc loaded on MCM-41: comparison of catalysts synthesized from flame spray pyrolysis and sol-gel method using silica source from rice husk ash. J Clean Prod P3:1234–1243. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.07.099
Suh JW, Sohn SY, Lee BK (2020) Patent clustering and network analyses to explore nuclear waste management technologies. Energy Policy 146:111794. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2020.111794
Suhot MA, Hassan MZ, Aziz SA, Md Daud MY (2021) Recent progress of rice husk reinforced polymer composites: a review. Polymers 13:2391. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym13152391
Tang Y, Yu W, Mo L, Lou H, Zheng X (2008) One-step hydrogenation—esterification of aldehyde and acid to ester over bifunctional Pt catalysts: a model reaction as novel route for catalytic upgrading of fast pyrolysis bio-oil. Energy Fuels 22:3484–3488. https://doi.org/10.1021/ef800148q
Tang X, Ran G, Li J, Zhang Z, Xiang C (2021) Extremely efficient and rapidly adsorb methylene blue using porous adsorbent prepared from waste paper: Kinetics and equilibrium studies. J Hazard Mater 402:123579. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123579
Teixeira Tarley CR, Zezzi Arruda MA (2004) Biosorption of heavy metals using rice milling by-products. Characterisation and application for removal of metals from aqueous effluents. Chemosphere 54:987–995. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2003.09.001
Tiwari S, Beliya E, Vaswani M, Khawase K, Verma D, Gupta N, Paul JS, Jadhav SK (2022) Rice husk: a potent lignocellulosic biomass for second generation bioethanol production from Klebsiella oxytoca ATCC 13182. Waste Biomass Valor. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12649-022-01681-5
Trujillo-Ramírez D, Bustos-Vázquez MG, Rodríguez-Durán LV, Santos RT los (2022) Rice husk (Oryza sativa) as support in the immobilization of yeast cells. Rev Mexicana Ingeniería Química 21:2558. Doi: https://doi.org/10.24275/rmiq/Bio2558
Ullah Z, Man Z, Khan AS, Muhammad N, Mahmood H, Ben Ghanem O, Ahmad P, Hassan Shah M-U, Mamoon-Ur-Rashid RM (2019) Extraction of valuable chemicals from sustainable rice husk waste using ultrasonic assisted ionic liquids technology. J Clean Prod 220:620–629. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.02.041
Vadiveloo J, Nurfariza B, Fadel JG (2009) Nutritional improvement of rice husks. Anim Feed Sci Technol 151:299–305. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2009.03.002
Vijayan R, Kumar GS, Karunakaran G, Surumbarkuzhali N, Prabhu S, Ramesh R (2020) Microwave combustion synthesis of tin oxide-decorated silica nanostructure using rice husk template for supercapacitor applications. J Mater Sci: Mater Electron 31:5738–5745. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-020-03142-y
Vu A-T, Xuan TN, Lee C-H (2019) Preparation of mesoporous Fe2O3·SiO2 composite from rice husk as an efficient heterogeneous Fenton-like catalyst for degradation of organic dyes. J Water Process Eng 28:169–180. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jwpe.2019.01.019
Wang H, Wu D, Zhou J (2019) Gasified rice husk based RHAC/NiCo2S4 composite for high performance asymmetric supercapacitor. J Alloys Comp 811:152073. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2019.152073
Wang Y, Liu J, Sun J, Shangdiar S, Amesho KTT, Lin Y-C, Peng Y-P, Chang K-L (2021) Conversion of rice husk into fermentable sugar and silica using acid-catalyzed ionic liquid pretreatment. Environ Sci Pollut Res 28:40715–40723. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-12758-4
Wu J, Collins SRA, Elliston A, Wellner N, Dicks J, Roberts IN, Waldron KW (2018) Release of cell wall phenolic esters during hydrothermal pretreatment of rice husk and rice straw. Biotechnol Biofuels 11:162. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13068-018-1157-1
Xiang J, Lin Q, Cheng S, Guo J, Yao X, Liu Q, Yin G, Liu D (2018) Enhanced adsorption of Cd(II) from aqueous solution by a magnesium oxide–rice husk biochar composite. Environ Sci Pollut Res 25:14032–14042. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-018-1594-1
Yalçin N, Sevinç V (2001) Studies on silica obtained from rice husk. Ceram Int 27:219–224. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0272-8842(00)00068-7
Yan S, Yin D, He F, Cai J, Schliermann T, Behrendt F (2022) Characteristics of smoldering on moist rice husk for silica production. Sustainability 14:317. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14010317
Yang K, Peng J, Xia H, Zhang L, Srinivasakannan C, Guo S (2010) Textural characteristics of activated carbon by single step CO2 activation from coconut shells. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 41:367–372. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtice.2009.09.004
Yang Q, Gao Y, Ke J, Show PL, Ge Y, Liu Y, Guo R, Chen J (2021) Antibiotics: an overview on the environmental occurrence, toxicity, degradation, and removal methods. Bioengineered 12:7376–7416. https://doi.org/10.1080/21655979.2021.1974657
Youssef WM, Hagag MS, Ali AH (2018) Synthesis, characterization and application of composite derived from rice husk ash with aluminium oxide for sorption of uranium. Adsorpt Sci Technol 36:1274–1293. https://doi.org/10.1177/0263617418768920
Yu K, Wang L, Wang X, Liu W, Liang J, Liang C (2019) Synthesis of zinc-cobalt bimetallic oxide anchored on the surface of rice husk carbon as anode for high-performance lithium ion battery. J Phys Chem Solids 135:109112. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpcs.2019.109112
Zaulkiflee ND, Ahmad AL, Che Lah NF, Shah Buddin MMH (2022) Removal of emerging contaminants by emulsion liquid membrane: perspective and challenges. Environ Sci Pollut Res 29:12997–13023. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-16658-5
Zhang L, Liu R, Yin R, Mei Y (2013) Upgrading of bio-oil from biomass fast pyrolysis in China: a review. Renew Sustain Energy Rev 24:66–72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2013.03.027
Zhang Z, He W, Zheng J, Wang G, Ji J (2016) Rice husk ash-derived silica nanofluids: synthesis and stability study. Nanoscale Res Lett 11:502. https://doi.org/10.1186/s11671-016-1726-9
Zhang J, Li C, Zhao L, Wang T, Li S, Zeng G (2017) A sol-gel Ti-Al-Ce-nanoparticle catalyst for simultaneous removal of NO and Hg0 from simulated flue gas. Chem Eng J 313:1535–1547. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2016.11.039
Zhao Y, Xu H, Lu K, Qu Y, Zhu L, Wang S (2019) Dehydration of xylose to furfural in butanone catalyzed by Brønsted-Lewis acidic ionic liquids. Energy Sci Eng 7:2237–2246. https://doi.org/10.1002/ese3.444
Funding
No funding was received to assist with the preparation of this manuscript.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding authors
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest.
Rights and permissions
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
About this article
Cite this article
Rajamani, S., Kolla, S.S.N., Gudivada, R. et al. Valorization of Rice Husk to Value-Added Chemicals and Functional Materials. Int J Environ Res 17, 22 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s41742-023-00512-2
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s41742-023-00512-2