Abstract
Advances in semantic 3D modelling of civic spaces, as well as the need for the utilisation of spatial information in 3D environments, have brought out a series of shortcomings in the existing CityGML model by ( Gröger G, Kolbe TH, Nagel C, Häfele K.-H. (2012). OpenGIS City Geography Markup Language (CityGML) Encoding Standard, Version 2.0.0. In G. Gröger, T. H. Kolbe, C. Nagel, & K.-H. Häfele (Eds.), OGC Document No. 12–019 (2.0.0). Open Geospatial Consortium. https://portal.opengeospatial.org/files/?artifact_id=47842). Taking into account the difficulty in capturing the complexities found in the world around us, the creators of this model have prepared for the possibility of expanding it through Application Domain Extensions (ADE). This paper presents a proposal for expanding the current version of the CityGML 2.0 model by ( OGC. (2012). OGC. OpenGIS city geography markup language (CityGML) encoding standard, Version 2.0.0. In OGC, Best Practice. Document No. 12–066 (p. 344). https://portal.opengeospatial.org/files/?artifact_id=47842) with an ADE, called GRextADE, in order to fulfil the needs of 3D modelling in the city environment of Greece and deal with the problems of an incomplete cadastre and the lack of infrastructure for data management for the 3D visualization of urban data. Moreover, it attempts to incorporate semantic characteristics, as well as information that regulates the properties in a market that has not been able to digitise and record its existing cadastre, into the 3D building models. The new digital system for the Digital Building Identification (DBID), adopted by the Greek state in early 2021 of the ( Ministry of Environment, E. and C. C. (2020). FEK_5447_B_09122021 p3–8. National Printing Office.), Ministry of Environment, E. and C. C. (2021a). FEK_287_B_27012020 p6–7. National Printing Office., Ministry of Environment, E. and C. C. (2021b). FEK_334_B_29012021b. National Printing Office.), is at the core of the proposed model extension. Thus, GRextADE is compatible with the upcoming digital listing of the Greek cadastre. The proposed extension takes into account the changes implemented in the new version of the CityGML model and incorporates all the appropriate mechanisms for its compatibility. Lastly, the usability of GRextADE has been tested in real-world situations, and the results of various scenarios have been visualised.
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source: OGC City Geography Markup Language (CityGML) Encoding Standard)
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Data Availability
The datasets generated during and/or analysed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.
Notes
The Institute for Automation and Applied Informatics (IAI) of the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), https://www.iai.kit.edu/english/index.php
Safe Software, https://www.safe.com/
Global Real Estate Transparency Index, 2020 (https://www.us.jll.com/content/dam/jll-com/documents/pdf/research/jll-and-lasalle-global-real-estate-transparency-index-2020.pdf).
Technical Chamber of Greece (TEE-TCG), https://web.tee.gr/
Used in all legal transactions stipulated by the law.
The investment includes housing, hotels, commercial properties, entertainment spaces, museums, sports facilities, recreation areas, and a complete restructuring and rebuilding of the beachfront.
IOBE (Foundation for Economic & Industrial Research), http://iobe.gr/iobe_en.asp
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Liamis, T., Mimis, A. Establishing Semantic 3D City Models by GRextADE: the Case of the Greece. J geovis spat anal 6, 15 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s41651-022-00114-0
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s41651-022-00114-0