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From Alcatraz to Standing Rock: Archaeology and Contemporary Native American Protests (1969–Today)

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Abstract

Public and professional responses to the Dakota Access Pipeline (DAPL) protests reveal a space where archaeologists can potentially connect past and present. Archaeology has already been applied to protests over labor conditions, environment destruction, and weapons proliferation in both the United States and United Kingdom. Extending that work to Native American protests raises awareness of the legacy of the broken treaties that underlie many of these actions. For example, the 1969–1971 occupation of Alcatraz Island is where contemporary Native American protest history often begins. A simple pushpin map of protests since then shows that the DAPL protest at Standing Rock was unique only in its extensive media coverage. Building greater awareness of these actions will improve the ways archaeologists carry out their compliance responsibilities and respond to an often-misinformed public. Working with tribal colleagues to identify protest sites would enhance existing efforts to protect ancient sites and reinforce the need for tribal input in evaluating impacts to its cultural landscapes.

Extracto

Las respuestas públicas y profesionales a las protestas en contra del oleoducto Dakota Access Pipeline (DAPL) revelan un espacio donde los arqueólogos pueden potencialmente conectar el pasado con el presente. Ya se ha aplicado la arqueología a las protestas por las condiciones laborales, la destrucción del medio ambiente y la proliferación de armas en los Estados Unidos y el Reino Unido. Extender ese trabajo a las protestas de los nativos americanos crea conciencia sobre el legado de los tratados rotos que subyacen a muchas de estas acciones. Por ejemplo, la ocupación de la isla de Alcatraz en 1969–1971 es donde a menudo comienza la historia contemporánea de protesta de los nativos americanos. Un simple mapa de protestas desde entonces muestra que la protesta en contra del DAPL en Standing Rock fue única solo en su extensa cobertura mediática. Crear una mayor conciencia de estas acciones mejorará las formas en que los arqueólogos llevan a cabo sus responsabilidades de cumplimiento y responden a un público a menudo mal informado. Trabajar con colegas tribales para identificar sitios de protesta mejoraría los esfuerzos existentes para proteger sitios antiguos y reforzaría la necesidad de aportes tribales para evaluar los impactos en sus paisajes culturales.

Résumé

Les réponses professionnelles et publiques apportées aux manifestations relatives au Dakota Access Pipeline (DAPL) ont ouvert un espace où les archéologues ont la possibilité d'établir une connexion entre le passé et le présent. L'archéologie a déjà reçu des applications relativement aux manifestations portant sur les conditions de travail, la destruction de l'environnement et la prolifération des armes aux États-Unis comme au Royaume-Uni. Élargir ces travaux aux manifestations des Natifs Américains permet de sensibiliser plus encore aux conséquences historiques du non-respect des traités ayant motivé nombre de ces actions. Par exemple, l'occupation de l'Île d'Alcatraz en 1969–1971 est là où l'histoire contemporaine des manifestations par les Natifs Américains trouve souvent son origine. Une simple carte des manifestations depuis cette époque indique que celle liée au DAPL à Standing Rock ne doit son caractère unique qu'à sa large couverture médiatique. Contribuer à une sensibilisation accrue de ces actions permettra d'améliorer les manières dont les archéologues exercent leurs responsabilités pour ce qui a trait à la conformité et pour apporter une réponse à un public bien souvent mal informé. Une collaboration avec des collègues issus de tribus afin d'identifier les sites de manifestations optimiserait les efforts actuels visant à protéger les sites anciens et renforcerait le besoin d'une participation des tribus pour évaluer les impacts à l'égard de leurs paysages culturels.

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Acknowledgments:

Kate Ellenberger, Kisha Supernant, Kayt Armstrong, and Kassandra Rippee provided feedback on an early draft of this article. Jason Hagin provided valuable critique and insight into the past and future preservation work taking place at Alcatraz. Neil Curri helped transfer protest-site data points onto the ArcGIS Web map. Anonymous reviewers provided compelling feedback. Rebecca Allen provided guidance for incorporating that feedback.

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Correspondence to April M. Beisaw.

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Beisaw, A.M., Olin, G.E. From Alcatraz to Standing Rock: Archaeology and Contemporary Native American Protests (1969–Today). Hist Arch 54, 537–555 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s41636-020-00252-6

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