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New longirostrine crocodylomorph remains from the Blesa Formation (Barremian) in the Iberian Peninsula (Spain)

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Abstract

Purpose

Crocodylomorpha has been a highly morphologically and ecologically diverse clade over time. During the Mesozoic and Cenozoic, several crocodylomorph lineages colonized the marine environment; however, by the late Early Cretaceous the extinction of Thalattosuchia and the origination of new marine forms occur, and the “Middle” Cretaceous is a period of time where marine crocodylomorphs are poorly known. Here we describe two rostrum fragments (MPZ 2016/78 and MPZ 2016/79) collected in the upper part of the Blesa Formation (Barremian, Lower Cretaceous) in Teruel (Spain). The “Upper” Blesa Fm has been interpreted as a coastal–transitional depositional environment.

Results

The specimens correspond to long-snouted crocodylomorphs. MPZ 2016/78 is the left half of a fragmentary rostrum with heterodonty in dentition size, M4? and M5? being the largest alveoli. This suggests that it belongs to a crocodylomorph with a generalist diet. By contrast, MPZ 2016/79 is a fragmentary right half of a more gracile and slender long rostrum. It is homodont in size, with several small teeth, common in animals specialized for ichthyophagy.

Conclusions

MPZ 2016/78 and MPZ 2016/79 have been assigned to Crocodylomorpha indet. This new crocodylomorph material, together with the fossil remains of marine vertebrates previously found in the same region (plesiosaurs, chelonians, osteichthyans, chondrichthyans and a new crocodylomorph), suggests that the “Upper” Blesa Formation was a coastal zone with a great wealth of fauna, making it an interesting area for the study of Barremian marine vertebrates.

Resumen

Propósito

Crocodylomorpha ha sido un clado muy diverso a lo largo del tiempo, tanto morfológica como ecológicamente. Durante el Mesozoico y el Cenozoico, varios linajes de cocodrilomorfos colonizaron el ambiente marino. A fines del Cretácico Inferior se produce la extinción de Thalattosuchia (principal clado de cocodrilomorfos marinos del Mesozoico) y el origen de nuevas formas marinas, de manera que el Cretácico "Medio" es un período de tiempo en el que los cocodrilomorfos marinos son poco conocidos. Aquí se describen dos fragmentos craneales de cocodrilomorfos (MPZ 2016/78 y MPZ 2016/79) recogidos en la parte superior de la Formación Blesa (Barremiense, Cretácico Inferior) en Teruel (España), interpretada como un ambiente sedimentario costero-transicional.

Resultados

Los restos que se describen pertenecen a cocodrilomorfos de rostro alargado. MPZ 2016/78 corresponde con la mitad izquierda de un fragmento rostral, en el que se observa dentición heterodonta en tamaño, siendo M4? y M5? los alvéolos mayores. Esto sugiere que pertenece a un cocodrilomorfo con una dieta generalista. Por el contrario, MPZ 2016/79 es un fragmento de rostro, correspondiente a la mitad derecha de un rostro largo, más fino y grácil que el anterior. La dentición es homodonta en tamaño, con numerosos dientes pequeños, comunes en animales ictiófagos.

Conclusiones

MPZ 2016/78 y MPZ 2016/79 son restos craneales fragmentarios que han sido asignados a Crocodylomorpha indet. Este nuevo material de cocodrilomorfo, junto con los restos fósiles de vertebrados marinos hallados anteriormente en la misma región (plesiosaurios, quelonios, osteictios, condrictios y un nuevo cocodrilomorfo), sugiere que la Formación Blesa “Superior” era una zona costera con una gran riqueza de fauna, lo que lo convierte en un área interesante para el estudio de los vertebrados marinos de Barremiense.

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Fig. 1

(Modified from Canudo et al. 2010)

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Acknowledgements

This paper forms part of project CGL2014-53548 and is subsidized by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness, the European Regional Development Fund and the Government of Aragón (‘Grupos Consolidados’ and ‘Dirección General de Patrimonio Cultural’). We thank Javier Andreu and Fernando Gracia, who provided the material described. We also thank S. Jouve, the anonymous reviewers and the editors for their comments, which helped to improve the article, and Rupert Glasgow, who revised the English grammar.

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  1. Grupo Aragosaurus-IUCA, Paleontología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Zaragoza, Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain

    J. Parrilla-Bel & J. I. Canudo

  2. Museo de Ciencias Naturales de la Universidad de Zaragoza, Plaza Basilio Paraíso, 50008, Zaragoza, Spain

    J. Parrilla-Bel & J. I. Canudo

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Parrilla-Bel, J., Canudo, J.I. New longirostrine crocodylomorph remains from the Blesa Formation (Barremian) in the Iberian Peninsula (Spain). J Iber Geol 44, 55–66 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s41513-017-0043-1

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