Abstract
During the discharging of Tokamak devices, interactions between the core plasma and plasma-facing components (PFCs) may cause exorbitant heat deposition in the latter. This poses a grave threat to the lifetimes of PFCs materials. An infrared (IR) diagnostic system consisting of an IR camera and an endoscope was installed on an Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak (EAST) to monitor the surface temperature of the lower divertor target plate (LDTP) and to calculate the corresponding heat flux based on its surface temperature and physical structure, via the finite element method. First, the temperature obtained by the IR camera was calibrated against the temperature measured by the built-in thermocouple of EAST under baking conditions to determine the true temperature of the LDTP. Next, based on the finite element method, a target plate model was built and a discretization of the modeling domain was carried out. Then, a heat conduction equation and boundary conditions were determined. Finally, the heat flux was calculated. The new numerical tool provided results similar to those for DFLUX; this is important for future work on related physical processes and heat flux control.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Z.D. Yang, S.B. Shu, K.F. Gan et al., Calculation of the Heat Flux on the Frist Wall During Disruption on Tokamak. J. Fusion Energ. 36, 15–20 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10894-016-0118-6
G. Arnoux, A. Loarte, V. Riccardo et al., Heat loads on plasma facing components during disruptions on JET. Nucl. Fusion 8, 49 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1088/0029-5515/49/8/085038
K.F. Gan, M.H. Li, F.M. Wang et al., Hot spots generated by low hybrid wave absorption in the SOL on the EAST tokamak. J. Nucl. Mater. 438, S364–S367 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnucmat.2013.01.069
C. Desgranges, M. Jouve, C. Balorin et al., Calibration procedures of the Tore-Supra infrared endoscopes. Nucl Instrum Methods Phys Res Sect A-Accel Spectrom Dect Assoc Equip 879, 121–133 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2017.09.035
I. Balboa, G. Arnoux, T. Eich et al., Upgrade of the infrared camera diagnostics for the JET ITER-like wall divertor. Rev. Sci. Instrum. 83, 10 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4740523
B. Sieglin, M. Faitsch, A. Herrmann et al., Real time capable infrared thermography for ASDEX Upgrade System. Rev. Sci. Instrum. 11, 86 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4935580
J.W. Ahn, R. Maingi, D. Mastrovito et al., High speed infrared camera diagnostic for heat flux measurement in NSTX. Rev. Sci. Instrum. 81, 4 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3297899
Y. Gao, K.F. Gan, X.Z. Gong et al., Study of striated heat flux on EAST divertor plates induced by LHW using infrared camera. Plasma Sci. Technol 16, 93–98 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1088/1009-0630/16/2/02
H. Yang, C.F. Wu, S. Dong et al., Performance comparison of the two ICRF antennas in EAST. Nucl. Sci. Tech. 27, 46 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s41365-016-0047-0
L. Tao, C.D. Hu, Y.L. Xie, Thermodynamic analysis and simulation for gas baffle entrance collimator of EAST-NBI system based on thermo-fluid coupled method. Nucl. Sci. Tech. 29, 2 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s41365-017-0349-x
F.K. Liu, B.J. Ding, J.G. Li et al., First results of LHCD experiments with 4.6 GHz system toward steady-state plasma in EAST. Nucl. Fusion 55, 11 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1088/0029-5515/55/12/123022
Y. Zhang, Y.Z. Zhang, R.S. Lu et al., Investigation of the normal spectral band emissivity characteristic within 7.5 to 13 mu m for Molybdenum between 100 and 500 degrees C. Infrared Phys. Technol. 88, 74–80 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.infrared.2017.11.017
L. del Campo, R.B. Perez-Saez, X. Esquisabel et al., New experimental device for infrared spectral directional emissivity measurements in a controlled environment. Rev. Sci. Instrum. 77, 8 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2393157
B. Zhang, K.F. Gan, X.Z. Gong et al., Study of divertor heat patterns induced by LHCD L-mode plasmas using an infra-red camera system on EAST. Plasma Sci. Technol 17, 831–836 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1088/1009-0630/17/10/04
B. Shi, X.Z. Gong, W.H. Wang et al., Study on divertor heat flux of L-H transition with LHCD and NBI in EAST. Fusion Eng. Des. 123, 778–782 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fusengdes.2017.04.110
B. Shi, Z. Yang, B. Zhang et al., Heat flux on EAST divertor plate in H-mode with LHCD/LHCD + NBI. Chin. Phys. Lett. 34, 095201 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1088/0256-307x/34/9/095201
K.F. Gan, J.W. Ahn, J.W. Park et al., 2D divertor heat flux distribution using a 3D heat conduction solver in National Spherical Torus Experiment. Rev. Sci. Instrum. 84, 8 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4792595
A. Herrmann, W. Junker, K. Gunther et al., Energy flux to the ASDEX-Upgrade diverter plates determined by thermography and calorimetry. Plasma Phys. Controlled Fusion 37, 17 (1995). https://doi.org/10.1088/0741-3335/37/1/002
Acknowledgements
The authors are grateful to all members of the EAST team for their contribution to the experiments.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 51505120 and 11105028), and the National Magnetic Confinement Fusion Science Program of China (No. 2015GB102004).
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Cui, ZX., Li, X., Shu, SB. et al. Calculation of the heat flux in the lower divertor target plate using an infrared camera diagnostic system on the experimental advanced superconducting tokamak. NUCL SCI TECH 30, 94 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s41365-019-0625-z
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s41365-019-0625-z