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Soft human–machine interfaces: design, sensing and stimulation

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Abstract

Human–machine interfaces (HMIs) are widely studied to understand the human biomechanics and/or physiology and the interaction between humans and machines/robots. The conventional rigid or invasive HMIs that record/send information from/to human bodies have significant disadvantages in practice for long-term, portable, and comfortable usages. To better adapt to natural soft skins, soft HMIs have been designed to deform into arbitrary shapes, and their bendable, stretchable, compressible and twistable properties offer a huge potential in future personalized applications. This paper presents a survey on various soft HMIs in terms of design, sensing, stimulation as well as their applications. Specifically, tactile/motion/bio-potential sensors are categorized for recording various data from human bodies, while stimulators are discussed for information feedback and motion activation to human bodies. It is anticipated that soft HMIs will promote the interaction among humans, machines/robots and environment to achieve desired coexisting-cooperative-cognitive function in a robot system, named as Tri-Co Robot, for the human-centered applications, such as rehabilitation, medical monitoring and human–robot cooperation.

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Acknowledgement

The authors would like to acknowledge supports from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (51635007, 91748113, 51575412), Program for HUST Academic Frontier Youth Team, Special Project of Technology Innovation of Hubei Province. (2017AAA002), and State Key Lab of Digital Manufacturing Equipment & Technology, China (DMETKF2017003). The authors would like to thank Flexible Electronics Manufacturing Laboratory in Comprehensive Experiment Center for Advanced Manufacturing and Equipment Technology.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Electrical and Automation Engineering, East China Jiaotong University, Nanchang, 330013, China

    Wentao Dong & Shiming Chen

  2. State Key Laboratory of Digital Manufacturing Equipment and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China

    Youhua Wang, Ying Zhou, Yunzhao Bai, Jiajie Guo, Kun Bai, Qin Zhang & YongAn Huang

  3. Flexible Electronics Research Center, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China

    Youhua Wang, Ying Zhou, Yunzhao Bai & YongAn Huang

  4. Intelligent Systems and Biomedical Robotics Group, School of Computing, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK

    Zhaojie Ju

  5. State Key Laboratory of Mechanical System and Vibration, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China

    Guoying Gu

  6. State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China

    Gaoxiang Ouyang

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  1. Wentao Dong
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Dong, W., Wang, Y., Zhou, Y. et al. Soft human–machine interfaces: design, sensing and stimulation. Int J Intell Robot Appl 2, 313–338 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s41315-018-0060-z

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