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The relationship between sleep quality and breakfast, mid-morning snack, and dinner and physical activity habits among adolescents: a cross-sectional study in Yazd, Iran

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Abstract

Healthy lifestyles are important during adolescence due to their impact on health-related problems and life expectancy during adulthood. Despite the emphasis on the importance of healthy habits, the high prevalence of breakfast skipping, physical inactivity, and insufficient sleep is reported among adolescents. This study was aimed to investigate the relationship between sleep quality (SQ) and nutritional habits among adolescents of Yazd. This cross-sectional study was conducted among 569 students aged 12–16 years of six high schools in Yazd, Iran, by a multistage random cluster sampling method. Anthropometric data were measured by precise instruments. Nutritional and PA habits were collected by asking some questions. Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index questionnaire was used to assess SQ. Data were analyzed by SPSS software (version 22). The breakfast skipping and semi-skipping (57.2%), overweight or obesity (37.8%), and insufficient sleep duration (38.9%) were common. Poor SQ was reported in 63.7% of the students, but a significant relationship was not illustrated between SQ with breakfast frequency, weight, breakfast time, and midmorning snack intake. A significant relationship was found between poor SQ with a later bedtime (p < 0.0001), mild PA (p = 0.016), late dinner (p < 0.004), and famine (p = 0.02). This study highlighted the associations between SQ with dinnertime, bedtime, and PA. Also, a significant association was not reported between the SQ with breakfast frequency, breakfast time, snack consumption, and weight. This study suggested paying more attention to healthy sleep habits during adolescence, apart from guidance for diet and PA during adolescence.

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Data availability

The datasets used and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

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Acknowledgements

We thank the cooperation of Yazd province’s Education and Training administration, high schools and their students to participate in this project.

Funding

This research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran

    Hassan Mozaffari-Khosravi, Mahtab Tabatabaie, Shamim Shams-Rad, Farhang Mirzavandi & Siavash Babaie

  2. Health Research Institute, Diabetes Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran

    Majid Karandish

  3. Department of Health Information Technology, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran

    Ali Mohammad Hadianfard

  4. Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran

    Maryam Azhdari & Leila Sheikhi

  5. Nutrition Department, Faculty of Paramedicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran

    Maryam Azhdari

  6. Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran

    Mahtab Tabatabaie, Shamim Shams-Rad, Farhang Mirzavandi & Siavash Babaie

Authors
  1. Hassan Mozaffari-Khosravi
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  2. Majid Karandish
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  3. Ali Mohammad Hadianfard
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  4. Maryam Azhdari
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  7. Shamim Shams-Rad
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  9. Siavash Babaie
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Contributions

HM-K, MK and MA designed the research; SS-R, MT, FM, and SB were responsible for the data collection; MA and AMH analyzed the data; MA and LS were involved in drafting the paper, HM-K and MA had primary responsibility for the final content; All of the authors read and approved the final paper.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Maryam Azhdari.

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Conflict of interest

The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest.

Ethical approval

The study protocol was approved by the Research Ethical Committee of Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences (IR.AJUMS.REC.1396.1087) in accordance with the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. Then, the coordination and agreement were made with the Education Department of Yazd.

Informed consent

The written informed consent was obtained from the students and their parents to participate in this study after receiving a complete explanation of the study protocols and objectives.

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Mozaffari-Khosravi, H., Karandish, M., Hadianfard, A.M. et al. The relationship between sleep quality and breakfast, mid-morning snack, and dinner and physical activity habits among adolescents: a cross-sectional study in Yazd, Iran. Sleep Biol. Rhythms 19, 79–84 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s41105-020-00290-w

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s41105-020-00290-w

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