Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Effect of metakaolin developed from natural material Soorh on fresh and hardened properties of self-compacting concrete

  • Technical paper
  • Published:
Innovative Infrastructure Solutions Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

This study describes the fresh and hardened properties of self-compacting concrete (SCC) with accumulation of metakaolin (MK). Soorh used as natural material which is calcined in an electric oven at 800 °C for 2 h to obtain metakaolin. A total of five mixtures have been developed, including varying MK contents (0–20% by weight of cement) and a water / binder ratio (W / B) of 0.38. The fresh properties were explored by slump flow, T50 flow, V-funnel, L-box, J-Ring sieve segregation test. Moreover, the hardened properties of concrete were performed for compressive, splitting tensile and flexural strength and permeability of SCC mixtures. The fresh concrete test results show that even if no viscosity modifier is required, satisfactory fresh concrete properties of SCC can be obtained by replacing the local MK content. At 15% replacement of cement with metakaolin maximum compressive, tensile and flexural strength is observed which is 10.39%, 10.19% and 7.07% more than that of control mix, respectively, and maximum reduction in water penetration depth which is 34% less than that of control mix is observed at 28 days age. It can be concluded from this study that 15% replacement of cement with local metakaolin is optimum.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8

Similar content being viewed by others

Data availability

For this experimental work, the data will be made available upon the request.

References

  1. The European guidelines for self-compacting concrete; specification production and use. EFNARC, May 2005

  2. Hendriks CA, Worrell E, de Jager D, Blok K, Riemer P, (2004) Emission reduction of greenhouse gases from the cement industry. Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies Conference

  3. Hwang JP, Jung MS, Lee CK, Jin SH, Ann KY (2015) Risk of environmental contamination arising from concrete structures, part I: CO2 emission. KSCE J Civ Eng 19:1224–1229

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Damtoft JS, Lukasik J, Herfort D, Sorrentino D, Gartner EM (2008) Sustainable development and climate change initiatives. Cem Concr Res 38(2):115–127

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Bheel N, Kalhoro KA, Memon TA, Lashari ZUZ, Soomro MA, Memon UA (2020) Use of marble powder and tile powder as cementitious materials in concrete. Eng, Technol Appl Sci Res 10(2):5448–5451

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Bheel N, Memon AS, Khaskheli IA, Talpur NM, Talpur SM, Khanzada MA (2020) Effect of sugarcane bagasse ash and lime stone fines on the mechanical properties of concrete. Eng Technol Appl Sci Res 10(2):5534–5537

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Guneyisi E, Gesoglu M, Mermerdas K (2008) Improving strength, drying shrinkage, and pore structure of concrete using metakaolin. Mater Struct 41:937–949

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Papadakis VG, Tsimas S (2002) Supplementary cementing materials in concrete part I: efficiency and design. Cem Concr Res 32:1525–1532

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Rafik A, Salah AA, El-Sayed E (2010) Properties and durability of metakaolin blended cements: mortar and concrete. Mater Constr 60:33–49

    Google Scholar 

  10. Eva V, Martin K, Stefania G, Bartlomiej S, Robert C (2011) Properties of self-compacting concrete mixtures containing metakaolin and blast furnace slag. Constr Build Mater 25:1325–1331

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Poon CS, Lam L, Kou SC, Wong YL, Ron W (2001) Rate of pozzolanic reaction of metakaolin in high-performance cement pastes. Cem Concr Res 31:1301–1306

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Bheel N, Jokhio MA, Abbasi JA, Lashari HB, Qureshi MI, Qureshi AS (2020) Rice husk ash and fly ash effects on the mechanical properties of concrete. Eng Technol Appl Sci Res 10(2):5402–5405

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Keerio MA, Abbasi SA, Kumar A, Bheel N, ur Rehaman K, Tashfeen M (2020) Effect of silica fume as cementitious material and waste glass as fine aggregate replacement constituent on selected properties of concrete. Silicon. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12633-020-00806-6

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Bheel N, Abbasi SA, Awoyera P, Olalusi OB, Sohu S, Rondon C, Echeverría AM (2020) Fresh and hardened properties of concrete incorporating binary blend of metakaolin and ground granulated blast furnace slag as supplementary cementitious material. Adv Civil Eng 2020:1–8

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Keerio MA, Saand A, Chaudhry R, Bheel N, Soohu S (2021) The effect of local metakaolin developed from natural material soorh on selected properties of concrete/mortar. Silicon. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12633-021-00993-w

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Bheel N, Ibrahim MHW, Adesina A, Kennedy C, Shar IA (2021) Mechanical performance of concrete incorporating wheat straw ash as partial replacement of cement. J Build Pathol Rehabil 6(1):1–7

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Bheel N, Sohu S, Awoyera P, Kumar A, Abbasi SA, Olalusi OB (2021) Effect of Wheat Straw Ash on Fresh and Hardened Concrete Reinforced with Jute Fiber. Adv Civil Eng. https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/6659125

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Bheel N, Abro AW, Shar IA, Dayo AA, Shaikh S, Shaikh ZH (2019) Use of rice husk ash as cementitious material in concrete. Eng Technol Appl Sci Res 9(3):4209–4212

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Bheel N, Kumar A, Shahzaib J, Ali Z, Ali M (2021) An investigation on fresh and hardened properties of concrete blended with rice husk ash as cementitious ingredient and coal bottom ash as sand replacement material. Silicon. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12633-020-00906-3

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Badogiannis E, Tsivilis S (2009) Exploitation of poor Greek kaolins, durability of metakaolin concrete. Cem Concr Compos 31:128–133

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Wild S, Khatib JM, Jones A (1996) Relative strength, pozzolanic activity and cement hydration in superplasticised metakaolin concrete. Cem Concr Res 26:1537–1544

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Kim HS, Lee SH, Moon HY (2007) Strength properties and durability aspects of high strength concrete using Korean metakaolin. Constr Build Mater 21:1229–1237

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Shekarchi M, Bonakdar A, Bakhshi M, Mirdamadi A, Mobasher B (2010) Transport properties in metakaolin blended concrete. Constr Build Mater 24:2217–2223

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Parande AK, Babu BR, Karthik MA, Kumaar KKD, Palaniswamy N (2008) Study on strength and corrosion performance for steel embedded in metakaolin blended concrete/mortar. Constr Build Mater 22:127–134

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Batis G, Pantazopoulou P, Tsivilis S, Badogiannis E (2005) The effect of metakaolin on the corrosion behavior of cement mortars. Cem Concr Compos 27:125–130

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Saand A, Keerio MA, Bangwar DK, Samo MK (2016) Development of metakaolin as a pozzolanic material from local natural material Soorh. Arab J Sci Eng 41(12):4937–4944

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Guneyisi E, Gesoglu M (2008) Properties of self-compacting mortars with binary and ternary cementitious blends of fly ash and metakaolin. Mater Struct 41:1519–1531

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Hassan AAA, Lachemi M, Hossain KMA (2010) Effect of metakaolin on the rheology of self-consolidating concrete. In: Khayat K, Feys D, editors. Proceedings of SCC 2010 design, production, and placement of SCC, vol. 1. Springer: RILEM Publications. p. 103–12

  29. Guneyisi E, Gesoglu M, Ozbay E (2009) Evaluating and forecasting the initial and final setting times of self-compacting concretes containing mineral admixtures by neural network. Mater Struct 42:469–484

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. Guru JJ, Sashidhar C, Ramana RIV, Annie PJ (2013) Micro and macrolevel properties of fly ash blended self-compacting concrete. Mater Des 46:696–705

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. Khatib J, Hibbert J (2005) Selected engineering properties of concrete incorporating slag and metakaolin. Constr Build Mater 19(6):460–472

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. Said-Mansour M, Kadri E, Kenai S, Ghrici M, Bennaceur R (2011) Influence of calcined kaolin on mortar propertie. Construction Building Materials 25:2275–2282

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. Madandoust R, Yasin MS (2012) Fresh and hardened properties of self-compacting concrete containing metakaolin. Constr Build Mater 35:752–760

    Article  Google Scholar 

  34. Poon C-S, Kou S, Lam L (2006) Compressive strength, chloride diffusivity and pore structure of high performance metakaolin and silica fume concrete. Constr Build Mater 20(10):858–865

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. Mermerdaş K et al (2012) Strength development of concretes incorporated with metakaolin and different types of calcined kaolins. Constr Build Mater 37:766–774

    Article  Google Scholar 

  36. Ding J-T, Li Z (2002) Effects of metakaolin and silica fume on properties of concrete. ACI Mater J 99(4):393–398

    Google Scholar 

  37. Melo KA, Carneiro AMP. Effect of metakaolin’s finesses and content in self-consolidating concrete. Constr Build Mater, 24, 1529–35

  38. Karahan O, Khandaker H, Ozbay E, Lachemi M, Sancak E (2012) Effect of metakaolin content on the properties self-consolidating lightweight concrete. Constr build Mater 31:320–325

    Article  Google Scholar 

  39. Billong N et al (2011) Improving hydraulic properties of lime-rice husk ash (Rha) binders with metakaolin (Mk). Constr Build Mater 25(4):2157–2161

    Article  Google Scholar 

  40. Wesche K et al (1989) Test methods for determining the properties of fly ash and of fly ash for use in building materials. Mater Struct 22(4):299–308

    Article  Google Scholar 

  41. Ramezanianpour AA et al (2011) Practical evaluation of relationship between concrete resistivity, water penetration, rapid chloride penetration and compressive strength. Constr Build Mater 25(5):2472–2479

    Article  Google Scholar 

  42. EN, B., 12390–8 (2000). Depth of Penetration of Water under Pressure" British Standards Institution.

  43. Price WH (1975) “Pozzolans-a review” American concrete institute. J Prceed 72:72–18

    Google Scholar 

  44. Güneyisi E et al (2012) Strength, permeability and shrinkage cracking of silica fume and metakaolin concretes. Constr Build Mater 34:120–130

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Funding

Prof. Dr. Aneel Kumar is providing funding for conducting this investigational study.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Civil Engineering, Quaid-e-Awam University of Engineering, Science & Technology, Nawabshah, Pakistan

    Abdullah Saand & Karm Ali

  2. Department of Civil Engineering, Mehran University of Engineering and Technology, Jamshoro, Pakistan

    Aneel Kumar

  3. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 31750, Bandar Seri, Iskandar, Tronoh, Perak, Malaysia

    Naraindas Bheel

  4. Department of Civil Engineering, Quaid-e-Awam University of Engineering, Science and Technology Campus, Larkana, Pakistan

    Manthar Ali Keerio

Authors
  1. Abdullah Saand
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Karm Ali
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Aneel Kumar
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Naraindas Bheel
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Manthar Ali Keerio
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Contributions

All authors namely MAK, AS, KA, AK and NB made substantial contributions to the conception, design of the work, acquisition, analysis and interpretation of data and writing/revision of the article.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Naraindas Bheel.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

None.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Saand, A., Ali, K., Kumar, A. et al. Effect of metakaolin developed from natural material Soorh on fresh and hardened properties of self-compacting concrete. Innov. Infrastruct. Solut. 6, 166 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s41062-021-00534-9

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s41062-021-00534-9

Keywords

Search

Navigation