Abstract
Although concrete utilization in the construction and building sectors is widespread in the world, the risk of concrete degradation, especially in harsh environments, still exists. This research deals with the impacts of adding silica fume (SF) into Portland cement on compressive strength and durability properties of concrete exposing to sulfuric acid. Three concrete grades C15, C25, and C45 were chosen with various percentages of SF. The effects of the curing environment (tap water and aggressive acid) on the compressive strength of 360 specimens were studied. Also, the losses of weight and compressive strength of the specimens were determined to assess the concrete resistance against acid attack. The result of this research revealed that a high water–cement ratio meaningfully influenced compressive strength and weight loss of concrete. SF improves the compressive strength and durability of SF-based concrete compared to the normal concrete at all ages.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Hasanbeigi A, Price L, Lu H, Lan W (2010) Analysis of energy-efficiency opportunities for the cement industry in Shandong Province, China: a case study of 16 cement plants. Energy 35(8):3461–3473. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2010.04.046
Chen C, Habert G, Bouzidi Y, Jullien A (2010) Environmental impact of cement production: detail of the different processes and cement plant variability evaluation. J Clean Prod 18(5):478–485. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2009.12.014
EPA (2005) Compilation of air pollutant emission factors, volume I: stationary point and area sources. Environmental Protection Agency Washington, DC
Meyer C (2002) Concrete and sustainable development. Special Publication ACI 206. Concrete materials science to application. American Concrete Institute, Farmington Hills, MI
Song HW, Jang JW, Saraswathy V, Byun KJ (2007) An estimation of the diffusivity of silica fume concrete. Build Environ 42(3):1358–1367. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2005.11.019
Soroushian P, Mirza F, Alhozaimy A (1995) Permeability characteristics of polypropylene fiber reinforced concrete. ACI Mater J 92(3):291–295
Lee ST, Moon HY, Swamy RN (2005) Sulfate attack and role of silica fume in resisting strength loss. Cement Concr Compos 27(1):65–76. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2003.11.003
Wee TH, Suryavanshi AK, Wong SF, Anisur Rahman KM (2002) Sulfate resistance of concrete containing mineral admixture. ACI Mater J 97(5):536–549
Hekal EE, Kishar E, Mostafa H (2002) Magnesium sulfate attack on hardened blended cement pastes under different circumstances. Cem Concr Res 32(9):1421–1427. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0008-8846(02)00801-3
Dotto JMR, Abreu AGD, Molin DC, Muller IL (2004) Influence of silica fume addition on concretes physical properties and on corrosion behaviour of reinforcement bars. Cement Concr Compos 26(1):31–39. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0958-9465(02)00120-8
Shanmugapriya T, Uma RN (2013) Experimental investigation on silica fume as partial replacement of cement in high performance concrete. Int J Eng Sci IJES 2(5):40–45
Kumar R, Dhaka EJ (2016) Partial replacement of cement with silica fume and its effects on concrete properties. Int J Technol Res Eng 4(1):86–88
Parker CD (1951) Mechanics of Corrosion of Concrete Sewers by Hydrogen Sulfide. Sew Ind Wastes 23(12):1477–1485
Sun X (2015) Improving the understanding of concrete sewer corrosion through investigations of the gaseous hydrogen sulfide uptake and transformation processes in the corrosion layer, PhD thesis, University of Queensland
Vincke E, Wanseele EV, Monteny J et al (2002) Influence of polymer addition on biogenic sulfuric acid attack of concrete. Int Biodeterior Biodegrad 49(4):283–292. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0964-8305(02)00055-0
Vipulanandan C, Liu J (2002) Glass-fiber mat-reinforced epoxy coating for concrete in sulfuric acid environment. Cem Concr Res 32(2):205–210. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0008-8846(01)00660-3
Manmohan D, Mehta PK (1981) Influence of pozzolanic, slag, and chemical admixtures on pore size distribution and permeability of hardened cement pastes. Cem Concr Aggreg 3(1):63–67. https://doi.org/10.1520/CCA10203J
Feldman RF (1981) Pore structure formation during hydration of fly ash and slag cement blends. In: Diamond S (ed) Effects of fly ash incorporation in cement and concrete. MRS, University Park, p 124
Malhotra VM, Ramachandran VS, Feldman RF, Aitcin PC (1987) Condensed silica fume in concrete. CRS Press Inc., Baca Raton, pp 1–5
Iraqi Organization of Standards, IOS 5: 1984, for Portland cement
ASTM C150/C150M, Standard Specification for Portland Cement
Iraqi Organization of Standards, IOS 45: 1984, for aggregate
Langan BW, Weng K, Ward MA (2002) Effect of silica fume and fly ash on heat of hydration of Portland cement. Cem Concr Res 32(7):1045–1051. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0008-8846(02)00742-1
Bassuoni MT, Nehdi ML (2007) Resistance of self-consolidating concrete to sulfuric acid attack with consecutive pH reduction. Cem Concr Res 37(7):1070–1084. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2007.04.014
Chang Z, Song X, Munn R, Marosszeky M (2005) Using limestone aggregates and different cements for enhancing resistance of concrete to sulphuric acid attack. Cem Concr Res 35(8):1486–1494. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2005.03.006
Allahverdi A, Skvara F (2001) Nitric acid attack on hardened paste of geopolymeric cements. Part 1. Ceramics 45(3):81–88
Sellevold EJ, Radjy FF (1983) Silica fume (microsilica) in concrete: water demand and strength development. Spec Publ 79:677–694
Alawode O, Dip PG, Idowu OI (2011) Effect of water-cement ratios on the compressive strength and workability of concrete and lateritic concrete mixes. Pac J Sci Technol 12(2):99–105
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Albattat, R.A.I., Jamshidzadeh, Z. & Alasadi, A.K.R. Assessment of compressive strength and durability of silica fume-based concrete in acidic environment. Innov. Infrastruct. Solut. 5, 20 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s41062-020-0269-1
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s41062-020-0269-1