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Conjugated Polymer Polypyrrole Nanostructures: Synthesis and Photocatalytic Applications

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Abstract

Conjugated polymers (CPs) have been recently widely investigated for their properties and their applications in different fields including photocatalysis. Among the family of CPs, polypyrrole (PPy) has been the most extensively studied owing to its good environmental stability, high electrical conductivity, superior redox properties and easy synthesis. Besides, nanostructured polypyrrole-based nanomaterials are a type of active organic materials for photocatalysis, which is one of their emerging applications. Nanostructuration of polypyrrole can reduce the electron-hole recombination because of short charge transfer distances and reactant adsorption, and product desorption can be enhanced owing to the high surface area offered by nanostructures. This review summarizes synthesis of different nanostructures based on π-conjugated polymer polypyrrole and the latest developments for photocatalytic applications, including degradation of organic pollutants and hydrogen generation.

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Fig. 9

Reproduced from Ref. [68] with permission from the Royal Society of Chemistry. d SEM image of constructed PPy nanowire electrode (PNW) surface. e SEM image of AMP immobilized PPy nanowire electrode (PNW-AMP) surface. Insets in d, e were high magnification images [75]. Copyright 2019 Wiley-VCH. f High-magnification SEM image of polypyrrole nanotubes [76]. Copyright 2011, American Chemical Society.

Fig. 10

Copyright 2018 Wiley-VCH. SEM images of PPy microcontainers and microspheres synthesized by electrochemical polymerizations. b Microcontainers doped with camphorsulfonic acid [78]; c microcontainers doped with poly (styrenesulfonic acid). Copyright 2003, American Chemical Society. (d) Microcontainers doped with camphorsulfonic acid and prepared by the CV technique [79]. Copyright 2004, Elsevier. e Arranged microcontainers on patterned electrodes; f microspheres doped with naphthalene sulfonic acid [80]. Copyright 2004 Wiley. g Microcontainers prepared by electrochemical growth of PPy on layer-by-layer (LBL) film-modified electrode [82]. Copyright 2006, Elsevier

Fig. 12

Copyright 2019, Elsevier. Cryo-TEM images of radio-synthesized PPy (γ-PPy) at 72 kGy. c Nanostructures of γ-PPy; d full view of chaplets of γ-PPy [39]. Copyright 2014, American Chemical Society. TEM images of the products prepared from γ-ray radiation on an acidic aqueous solution of Py at different pH: e pH 1; f pH 0.8 [96]. Copyright 2017 Wiley-VCH

Fig. 13

Copyright 2005, Elsevier

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Copyright 2019 Elsevier

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Copyright 2020, Elsevier

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Fig. 19

Copyright 2013, American Chemical Society. c Photodegradation of MO with different samples under simulated solar power for 180 min; d UV–Vis adsorption spectra showing photo degradation of MO with TiO2−PDA/PPy/cotton under 1 kW m−2 illumination; e pictures showing the color change of the MO solution containing TiO2–PDA/PPy/cotton [130]. Copyright 2018, American Chemical Society

Fig. 20

Reproduced from Ref. [94] with permission from the Royal Society of Chemistry. c Comparative data of H2 generation rate after 60-min visible light illumination for bare PPy and PPy based nanohybrids. d Possible mechanism involved in the photocatalytic activity of Au/PPy NHs [134]. Copyright 2019, Elsevier

Fig. 21

Reproduced from Ref. [129] with permission from the Royal Society of Chemistry. c H2 evolution by using 0.5 g l−1 modified catalyst, 1.0 wt% Pt and polypyrrole, respectively, 75 ml aqueous methanol solution; d scheme for photocatalytic activity of TiO2 modified with Pt–polypyrrole nanocomposites [143]. Copyright 2021, Elsevier

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  1. Institut de Chimie Physique, UMR 8000, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405, Orsay, France

    Xiaojiao Yuan & Hynd Remita

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  1. Xiaojiao Yuan
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This article is part of the Topical Collection “Solar-driven catalysis,” edited by Nicolas Keller, Fernando Fresno, Agnieszka Ruppert and Patricia Garcia-Munoz.

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Yuan, X., Remita, H. Conjugated Polymer Polypyrrole Nanostructures: Synthesis and Photocatalytic Applications. Top Curr Chem (Z) 380, 32 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s41061-022-00388-4

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