Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Investigation into the Nonlinear Time-History Analysis of CNT-Reinforced Concrete Column by a Multiscale Approach

  • Research paper
  • Published:
International Journal of Civil Engineering Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Many concrete structures have been damaged during recent earthquakes due to the low ductility of their columns. Hence, several recent research contributions have been dedicated to producing high-performance concrete materials. Among these contributions, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are of superior mechanical properties and can be used as additive in concrete. In this research, a sequential multiscale method, including nano-, micro-, meso- and macro-scales, is used to investigate the cyclic and seismic responses of concrete columns through numerical simulations. The aim of this research is to investigate the load-carrying capacity and energy absorption of CNT-reinforced concrete columns under cyclic loading. The results of the current research indicate that both of these properties improve significantly in the presence of CNTs. Furthermore, the results of fragility analysis reveal that for similar damage states, a CNT-reinforced column reaches the specified damage state at higher peak ground motion acceleration than an ordinary concrete column. Hence, the use CNTs in concrete structures may prove beneficial for high-seismic risk areas.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 12
Fig. 13
Fig. 14
Fig. 15
Fig. 16
Fig. 17
Fig. 18
Fig. 19
Fig. 20

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Kawashima K et al (2007) Failure mechanism of column components and systems of bridges. In: Structural engineering research frontiers. https://doi.org/10.1061/40944(249)36

  2. Zhang J, Huo Y (2009) Evaluating effectiveness and optimum design of isolation devices for highway bridges using the fragility function method. Eng Struct 31(8):1648–1660

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Shin M et al (2013) Effectiveness of low-cost fiber-reinforced cement composites in hollow columns under cyclic loading. Constr Build Mater 47:623–635

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Cho C-G et al (2012) Cyclic responses of reinforced concrete composite columns strengthened in the plastic hinge region by HPFRC mortar. Compos Struct 94(7):2246–2253

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Ganesan N, Indira P, Sabeena M (2014) Behaviour of hybrid fibre reinforced concrete beam–column joints under reverse cyclic loads. Mater Des 54:686–693

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Laurent D, Ahmed L (2002) Behavior of high-strength fiber-reinforced concrete beams under cyclic loading. Struct J 99(3):248–256

    Google Scholar 

  7. Harajli MH, Gharzeddine O (2007) Effect of steel fibers on bond performance of steel bars in NSC and HSC under load reversals. J Mater Civ Eng 19(10):864–873

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Campione G, Letizia Mangiavillano M (2008) Fibrous reinforced concrete beams in flexure: experimental investigation, analytical modelling and design considerations. Eng Struct 30(11):2970–2980

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Lequesne R et al (2010) Seismic detailing and behavior of coupling beams with high-performance fiber reinforced concrete. In: Symposium–four decades of progress in prestressed concrete, fiber reinforced concrete, and thin laminate composites, SP-272

  10. Hung C-C, Su Y-F, Yu K-H (2013) Modeling the shear hysteretic response for high performance fiber reinforced cementitious composites. Constr Build Mater 41:37–48

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Iijima S (1991) Helical microtubules of graphitic carbon. Nature 354(6348):56–58

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Eftekhari M, Mohammadi S (2016) Molecular dynamics simulation of the nonlinear behavior of the CNT-reinforced calcium silicate hydrate (C–S–H) composite. Compos A Appl Sci Manuf 82:78–87

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Nielson BG, DesRoches R (2007) Seismic fragility methodology for highway bridges using a component level approach. Earthq Eng Struct Dyn 36(6):823–839

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Siqueira GH et al (2014) Performance evaluation of natural rubber seismic isolators as a retrofit measure for typical multi-span concrete bridges in eastern Canada. Eng Struct 74:300–310

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Eftekhari M, Mohammadi S, Khoei AR (2013) Effect of defects on the local shell buckling and post-buckling behavior of single and multi-walled carbon nanotubes. Comput Mater Sci 79:736–744

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Eftekhari M, Hatefi Ardakani S, Mohammadi S (2014) An XFEM multiscale approach for fracture analysis of carbon nanotube reinforced concrete. Theor Appl Fract Mech 72:64–75

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Šmilauer V, Hlaváček P, Padevět P (2012) Micromechanical analysis of cement paste with carbon nanotubes. Acta Polytechnica 52(6):22–28

    Google Scholar 

  18. Eftekhari M, Mohammadi S (2016) Multiscale dynamic fracture behavior of the carbon nanotube reinforced concrete under impact loading. Int J Impact Eng 87:55–64

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Eftekhari M et al (2018) Multi-scale modeling approach to predict the nonlinear behavior of CNT-reinforced concrete columns subjected to service loading. Structures 14:301–312

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Du X, Jin L, Ma G (2014) Numerical simulation of dynamic tensile-failure of concrete at meso-scale. Int J Impact Eng 66:5–17

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Kim S-M, Abu Al-Rub RK (2011) Meso-scale computational modeling of the plastic-damage response of cementitious composites. Cem Concr Res 41(3):339–358

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Nguyen VP, Stroeven M, Sluys LJ (2012) Multiscale failure modeling of concrete: micromechanical modeling, discontinuous homogenization and parallel computations. Comput Methods Appl Mech Eng 201–204:139–156

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  23. Qian Z (2012) Multiscale modeling of fracture processes in cementitious materials. Ph.D. thesis, Delft University of Technology

  24. Mazzoni S et al (2006) OpenSees command language manual. Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research (PEER) Center, Berkeley

    Google Scholar 

  25. Scott BD, Park R, Priestley MJN (1982) Stress-strain behavior of concrete confined by overlapping hoops at low and high strain rates. J Proc 79(1):13–27

    Google Scholar 

  26. Zhang Y-Y, Harries KA, Yuan W-C (2013) Experimental and numerical investigation of the seismic performance of hollow rectangular bridge piers constructed with and without steel fiber reinforced concrete. Eng Struct 48:255–265

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Mander J, Priestley M, Park R (1988) Observed stress-strain behavior of confined concrete. J Struct Eng 114(8):1827–1849

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Menegotto M, Pinto PE (1973) Method of analysis for cyclically loaded RC plane frames including changes in geometry and non-elastic behavior of elements under combined normal force and bending. In: Symposium on resistance and ultimate deformability of structures acted on by well defined repeated loads, Lisboa

  29. Wang Z, Dueñas-Osorio L, Padgett JE (2014) Influence of scour effects on the seismic response of reinforced concrete bridges. Eng Struct 76:202–214

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. Bosco M et al (2016) Improvement of the model proposed by Menegotto and Pinto for steel. Eng Struct 124:442–456

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. Saatcioglu M, Ozcebe G (1989) Response of reinforced concrete columns to simulated seismic loading. ACI Struct J 86(1):3–12

    Google Scholar 

  32. Monti G, Spacone E (2000) Reinforced concrete fiber beam element with bond-slip. J Struct Eng 126(6):654–661

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. Spacone E, Filippou FC, Taucer FF (1996) Fibre beam–column model for non-linear analysis of R/C frames: part I. Formulation. Earthq Eng Struct Dyn 25(7):711–725

    Article  Google Scholar 

  34. Zhao J, Sritharan S (2007) Modeling of strain penetration effects in fiber-based analysis of reinforced concrete structures concrete structures. ACI Struct J 104(2):133–141

    Google Scholar 

  35. Rush D et al (2014) Towards fragility analysis for concrete buildings in fire: residual capacity of concrete columns. In: 8th international conference on structures in fire

  36. Deepu SP, Prajapat K, Ray-Chaudhuri S (2014) Seismic vulnerability of skew bridges under bi-directional ground motions. Eng Struct 71:150–160

    Article  Google Scholar 

  37. Ramanathan K, DesRoches R, Padgett JE (2012) A comparison of pre- and post-seismic design considerations in moderate seismic zones through the fragility assessment of multispan bridge classes. Eng Struct 45:559–573

    Article  Google Scholar 

  38. Cornell C et al (2002) Probabilistic basis for 2000 SAC federal emergency management agency steel moment frame guidelines. J Struct Eng 128(4):526–533

    Article  Google Scholar 

  39. Ghafory-Ashtiany M, Mousavi M, Azarbakht A (2011) Strong ground motion record selection for the reliable prediction of the mean seismic collapse capacity of a structure group. Earthq Eng Struct Dyn 40(6):691–708

    Article  Google Scholar 

  40. Choi E et al (2013) Seismic fragility analysis of lap-spliced reinforced concrete columns retrofitted by SMA wire jackets. Smart Mater Struct 22(8):085028

    Article  Google Scholar 

  41. Shinozuka M et al (2002) Fragility curves of concrete bridges retrofitted by column jacketing. Earthq Eng Eng Vib 1(2):195–205

    Article  Google Scholar 

  42. Choi E, DesRoches R, Nielson B (2004) Seismic fragility of typical bridges in moderate seismic zones. Eng Struct 26(2):187–199

    Article  Google Scholar 

  43. Karrech A, Abbassi F, Basarir H, Attar M (2017) Self-consistent fractal damage of natural geo-materials in finite strain. Mech Mater 104:107–120

    Article  Google Scholar 

  44. Karrech A, Schrank C, Freij-Ayoub R, Regenauer-Lieb K (2014) A multi-scaling approach to predict hydraulic damage of poromaterials. Int J Mech Sci 78:1–7

    Article  Google Scholar 

  45. Gaede O, Regenauer-Lieb K, Karrech A (2013) Anisotropic damage mechanics as a novel approach to improve pre and post-failure borehole stability analysis. Geophys J Int 193(3):1095–1109

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Civil, Environmental and Mining Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia

    Mehdi Eftekhari, Ali Karrech & Mohamed Elchalakani

Authors
  1. Mehdi Eftekhari
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Ali Karrech
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Mohamed Elchalakani
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Ali Karrech.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Eftekhari, M., Karrech, A. & Elchalakani, M. Investigation into the Nonlinear Time-History Analysis of CNT-Reinforced Concrete Column by a Multiscale Approach. Int J Civ Eng 18, 49–64 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40999-019-00459-6

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40999-019-00459-6

Keywords

Search

Navigation