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Optimal Sizing of Distributed Energy Resources in a Microgrid System with Highly Penetrated Renewables

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Iranian Journal of Science and Technology, Transactions of Electrical Engineering Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Economic dispatch (ED) of a grid connected and renewable integrated microgrid system is considered in this paper. Two wind farms take the renewable energy sources (RES) into consideration. A parameter worst-case-transaction-cost which arises due to the stochastic availability and uncontrollable nature of wind farms is also emphasised and efforts have been taken to minimize it too. Hence the paper’s focus into split objective functions and the generation costs and the worst case transaction costs are optimised separately and also the net microgrid cost is optimized as a whole. Two different cases with highly varying transaction prices are studied. Two meta-heuristic soft computing algorithms are applied for optimization and a comparative analysis among them is studied. Numerical results are tabulated to justify the effectiveness of the novel approach.

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Abbreviations

T, t :

Number of scheduling periods, period index

M, m :

Number of conventional DG units

N, n :

Number of Dispatchable (class-1) loads, load index

Q, q :

Number of energy (class-2) loads, load index

J, j :

Number of DS units and their index

I, i :

Number of power production facilities with RES, and facility index

\(P_{{G_{m} }}^{\hbox{min} }, \,P_{{G_{m} }}^{\hbox{max} }\) :

Minimum and maximum power output of conventional DG unit m

\(R_{{m,{\text{up(down)}}}}\) :

Ramp up (down) limits of conventional DG unit m

SR t :

Spinning Reserve for conventional DG

L t :

Fixed power demand of critical loads in period t

\(P_{{D_{n} }}^{\hbox{min} }\, P_{{D_{n} }}^{\hbox{max} }\) :

Minimum and maximum power consumption of load n

\(P_{{E_{q} }}^{\hbox{min} ,t} ,P_{{E_{q} }}^{\hbox{max} ,t}\) :

Minimum and maximum power consumption of load Q in period t

\(S_{q} ,T_{q}\) :

Power consumption start and termination times of load q

\(E_{q}^{\hbox{max} }\) :

Total energy consumption of load q from start to termination time

\(P_{{B_{j} }}^{\hbox{min} } ,P_{{B_{j} }}^{\hbox{max} }\) :

Minimum and maximum charging and discharging power of DS unit j

\(B_{j}^{\hbox{min} }\) :

Minimum stored energy of DS unit j in time T

\(B_{j}^{\hbox{max} }\) :

Capacity of DS unit j

\(\eta_{j}\) :

Efficiency of DS unit j

\(P_{R}^{\hbox{min} } ,P_{R}^{\hbox{max} }\) :

Lower and upper bounds for \(P_{R}^{t}\)

\(\underset{\raise0.3em\hbox{$\smash{\scriptscriptstyle-}$}}{W}_{i}^{t} ,\bar{W}_{i}^{t}\) :

Minimum and maximum forecasted power output of RES i in time t

\(W_{s}^{\hbox{min} } ,W_{s}^{\hbox{max} }\) :

Minimum and maximum forecasted total wind power of all wind farms

\(\alpha^{t} ,\beta^{t}\) :

Purchase and selling prices

\(\pi_{q}^{t}\) :

Parameter of utility function of load q

\(P_{{G_{m} }}^{t}\)(CG):

Power output of DG unit m in period t

\(P_{{D_{n} }}^{t}\)(CLASS1):

Power consumption of load n in time t

\(P_{{E_{q} }}^{t}\)(CLASS2):

Power consumption of load q in period t

\(P_{{B_{j} }}^{t}\) :

Charging or discharging power of DS unit j in time t

\(B_{t}^{j}\) :

Stored energy of DS unit j at end of period t

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Acknowledgements

The authors are very grateful and would like to thank the anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Electrical Engineering Department, IIT(ISM) Dhanbad, Dhanbad, Jharkhand, India

    Bishwajit Dey & Biplab Bhattacharyya

  2. Electrical Engineering Department, NIT Agartala, Agartala, Tripura, India

    Sharmistha Sharma

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  1. Bishwajit Dey
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  2. Biplab Bhattacharyya
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Correspondence to Bishwajit Dey.

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Dey, B., Bhattacharyya, B. & Sharma, S. Optimal Sizing of Distributed Energy Resources in a Microgrid System with Highly Penetrated Renewables. Iran J Sci Technol Trans Electr Eng 43 (Suppl 1), 527–540 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40998-018-0141-x

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