Abstract
Al-Mg alloy consisting of Mg is an important lightweight material and could be considered as a matrix material for fabricating the composites. In the present study, different trialuminides of Zr and Ti have been prepared separately in the lightweight Al alloy via direct melt reaction route, and comparative studies have been performed in terms of microstructure, mechanical and tribological properties. The results indicate that different trialuminides are successfully generated in the Al alloy with uniform distribution and refined the grains of α-aluminium with different extents. The trialuminide improves the strength, ductility, hardness and anti-wear life of the Al alloy, but the improvement is more in composite with trialuminide of Ti than other. Other parameters such as surface roughness and maximum wear depth are also correlated with wear test parameters and materials. They increase with sliding distance and applied load, while with trialuminide, they decrease. However, the minimum value of surface roughness and wear depth is observed in the composite with trialuminide of Ti. This study provides an insight about the selection of suitable trialuminide as reinforcement for the Al-Mg alloy to give away an appropriate product for automobile and aerospace applications.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Rooy, E.L. Introduction to Aluminum and Aluminum Alloys in ASM Handbook Committee, Properties and Selection: Nonferrous Alloys and Special Purpose Materials, Vol. 2, ASM Handbook, ASM International, 1990.
R. Gecu, S.H. Atapek, A. Karaaslan, Influence of preform preheating on dry sliding wear behavior of 304 stainless steel reinforced A356 aluminum matrix composite produced by melt infiltration casting. Tribol Int 115, 608–618 (2017)
J.D.R. Selvam, I. Dinaharan, S.V. Philip, P.M. Mashinini, Microstructure and mechanical characterization of in situ synthesized AA6061/(TiB2+Al2O3) hybrid aluminum matrix composites. J Alloy Compd 740, 529–535 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2018.01.016
R.N. Rao, S. Das, D.P. Mondal, G. Dixit, S.L.T. Devi, Dry sliding wear maps for AA7010 (Al–Zn–Mg–Cu) aluminium matrix composite. Tribol Int 60, 77–82 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.triboint.2012.10.007
G. Huang, J. Wu, W. Hou, Y. Shen, Microstructure, mechanical properties and strengthening mechanism of titanium particle reinforced aluminum matrix composites produced by submerged friction stir processing. Mat Sci Eng. A 734, 353–363 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2018.08.015
N. Muralidharan, K. Chockalingam, I. Dinaharan, K. Kalaiselvan, Microstructure and mechanical behavior of AA2024 aluminum matrix composites reinforced with in situ synthesized ZrB2 particles. J Alloy Compd 735, 2167–2174 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2017.11.371
M.K. Surappa, Aluminium matrix composites: challenges and opportunities. Sadhana 28, 319–334 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02717141
D.M. Shinde, P. Sahoo, Nanoindentation, scratch, and corrosion studies of aluminum composites reinforced with submicron B4C particles. Inter Metalcast (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40962-021-00692-7
G. Kumaresan, B. Arul Kumar, Investigations on mechanical properties of micro- and nano-particulates (Al2O3/B4C) reinforced in Al 7075 matrix composite. Inter Metalcast (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40962-021-00741-1
N. Kumar, S.K. Singh, G. Gautam, A.K. Padap, A. Mohan, S. Mohan, Synthesis and statistical modelling of dry sliding wear of Al 8011/6 vol% AlB2 in situ composite. Mater Res Express 4, 1–11 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1088/2053-1591/aa8dbe
N. Kumar, G. Gautam, A. Mohan, S. Mohan, High temperature tensile and strain hardening behaviour of AA5052/9 vol%ZrB2 insitu composite. Mater Res 21, 1–7 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-5373-MR-2017-0860
Y.T. Zhao, S.L. Zhang, G. Chen, X.N. Cheng, C.Q. Wang, In situ (Al2O3+Al3Zr)np/Al nanocomposites synthesized by magneto-chemical melt reaction. Compos. Sci. Technol. 68, 1463–1470 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compscitech.2007.10.036
V.S. Ayar, M.P. Sutaria, Development and characterization of in situ AlSi5Cu3/TiB2 composites. Inter Metalcast 14, 59–68 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40962-019-00328-x
G.R. Li, Y.T. Zhao, Q.X. Dai, X.N. Cheng, H.M. Wang, G. Chen, Fabrication and properties of in situ synthesized particles reinforced aluminum matrix composites of Al–Zr–O–B system. J Mater Sci 42, 5442–5447 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-006-0790-4
V.S. Ayar, M.P. Sutaria, Comparative evaluation of ex situ and in situ method of fabricating aluminum/TiB2 composites. Inter Metalcast 15, 1047–1056 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40962-020-00539-7
G. Gautam, N. Kumar, A. Mohan, R.K. Gautam, S. Mohan, High-temperature tensile and tribological behavior of hybrid (ZrB2+Al3Zr)/AA5052 in situ composite. Metall Mater Trans A 47A, 4709–4720 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-016-3635-z
S. Mohan, G. Gautam, N. Kumar, R.K. Gautam, A. Mohan, A.K. Jaiswal, Dry sliding wear behavior of Al-SiO2 composites. Compos. Interface 23, 493–502 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1080/09276440.2016.1149363
G. Gautam, A. Mohan, Effect of ZrB2 particles on the microstructure and mechanical properties of hybrid (ZrB2+Al3Zr)/AA5052 insitu composites. J Alloy Compd 649, 174–183 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2015.07.096
R.A. Varin, Intermetallic-reinforced light-metal matrix in-situ composites. Metall Mater Trans A 33A, 193–201 (2002). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-002-0018-4
D. Roy, S. Ghosh, A. Basumallick, B. Basu, Preparation of Ti-aluminide reinforced in situ aluminium matrix composites by reactive hot pressing. J Alloy Compd 436, 107–111 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2006.07.017
R. Gupta, G.P. Chaudhari, B.S.S. Daniel, Strengthening mechanisms in ultrasonically processed aluminium matrix composite with in-situ Al3Ti by salt addition. Compos Part B Eng 140, 27–34 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2017.12.005
G. Gautam, A. Mohan, Wear and friction of AA5052-Al3Zr in situ composites synthesized by direct melt reaction. J Tribol-T ASME 138, 021602-1-021602–12 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4031401
G. Gautam, N. Kumar, A. Mohan, R.K. Gautam, S. Mohan, Synthesis and characterization of tri-aluminide in situ composites. J Mater Sci 51, 8055–8074 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-016-0076-4
A. Mohan, G. Gautam, N. Kumar, S. Mohan, R.K. Gautam, Synthesis and tribological properties of AA5052 Base insitu composites. Compos Interface 23, 503–518 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1080/09276440.2016.1155386
G. Gautam, N. Kumar, A. Mohan, R.K. Gautam, S. Mohan, Strengthening mechanisms of (Al3Zrmp+ZrB2np)/AA5052 hybrid composites. J Compos Mater 50, 4123–4133 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1177/0021998316631811
M. Gautam, G. Gautam, A. Mohan, S. Mohan, Enhancing the performance of aluminium by chromium oxide. Mater Res Express 6, 1–11 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1088/2053-1591/ab5818
N. Kumar, G. Gautam, R.K. Gautam, A. Mohan, S. Mohan, A study on mechanical properties and strengthening mechanisms of AA5052/ZrB2 insitu composite. J Eng Mater-T ASME 139, 0110021–0110028 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4034692
S.K. Chourasiya, G. Gautam, Enhancing the microstructure and tribological performance of spray formed Al alloy by cryorolling. SILICON 13, 2857–2868 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12633-020-00627-7
S.K. Chourasiya, G. Gautam, D. Singh, Mechanical and tribological behavior of warm rolled Al-6Si-3Graphite self lubricating composite synthesized by spray forming process. SILICON 12, 831–842 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12633-019-00175-9
K. Tiwari, G. Gautam, N. Kumar, A. Mohan, S. Mohan, Effect of primary silicon refinement on mechanical and wear properties of a hypereutectic Al-Si Alloy. SILICON 10, 2227–2239 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12633-017-9755-2
G. Gautam, N. Kumar, A. Mohan, R.K. Gautam, S. Mohan, Tribology and surface topography of Tri-aluminide reinforced composites. Tribol Int 97, 49–58 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.triboint.2016.01.014
N. Kumar, G. Gautam, R.K. Gautam, A. Mohan, S. Mohan, Wear, Friction and profilometer studies of insitu AA5052/ZrB2 composites. Tribol. Int. 97, 313–326 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.triboint.2016.01.036
S.K. Chourasiya, G. Gautam, Spray forming technique for aluminium matrix materials: a review. Mater Today 44, 561–565 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2020.10.343
Acknowledgments
The corresponding author acknowledges DST, India, for financial support under SERB N-PDF fellowship scheme reference PDF/2016/002483.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Gautam, G., Kumar, N., Mohan, A. et al. A Comparative Assessment on Microstructure, Mechanical and Tribological Behaviour of Light Aluminium–Trialuminide Composites. Inter Metalcast 17, 813–828 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40962-022-00810-z
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40962-022-00810-z