Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

The role of multiple heating and water cooling cycles on physical and mechanical responses of granite rocks

  • Original Article
  • Published:
Geomechanics and Geophysics for Geo-Energy and Geo-Resources Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Investigating the coupling effects of temperature levels and number of heating-water cooling cycles on thermal damage, cracking failure mechanisms, and mechanical responses of HDR (hot dry rock) is a vital issue during the exploitation of geothermal energy. In this study, a large number of granite samples exposed to high temperature treatment (25, 150, 300, 450, 600 °C) with multiple heating and water cooling cycles (1, 5, 10, 15) were carried out micro observations of X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and uniaxial compression tests with acoustic emission (AE) signals monitoring. The results show that, as the temperature level or number of heating and water cooling cycles increases, uniaxial compressive strength, elastic modulus, crack damage stress, and the damage index all present a reduction, while the peak axial strain, dilatancy volumetric strain and Poisson’s ratio increase. A genetic algorithm is established to evaluate the coupling influences of temperature and number of heating-water cooling cycles on the uniaxial compressive strength and dilatancy volumetric strain. The AE activities tend to be active due to crack initiation, development and coalescence. For a large temperature level or number of cycles, the AE signals remain active during the whole deformation process, while increase rate of the accumulated AE counts with time gradually slows down. The granites undergo a typical splitting failure mode, characterized by several tensile cracking planes at a low temperature or number of cycles, but present complicated crack networks of a turtle shape with increasing temperature or number of cycles, resulting in a larger fractal dimension of the induced surface cracks. The failure mechanism of rock gradually transfers from brittleness-dominated to ductility-dominated due to accumulated thermal damage. Then, the micro thermal damage mechanism of uncompressed granites is analyzed through microscopic observations of XRD and SEM. A power function is proposed to describe the relations between longitudinal wave velocity and uniaxial compressive strength. With increasing temperature or number of cycles, the maximum diffraction intensity of quartz decreases by 25.82%–38.89% and 13.42%–31.93%, respectively, and the micro thermal defects gradually develop, resulting in weakened macro bearing capacity.

Article highlights

  • Heating and water cooling cycles effects on mechanical properties of granites.

  • Heating and water cooling cycles effects on micro thermal damage and failure mechanisms of granites.

  • Micro mechanisms for the macro strength responses.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 12
Fig. 13
Fig. 14
Fig. 15
Fig. 16
Fig. 17
Fig. 18
Fig. 19

Similar content being viewed by others

Data availability

All data used during this study are available from the corresponding author by request.

References

  • Babanouri N, Nasab SK, Sarafrazi S (2013) A hybrid particle swarm optimization and multi-layer perceptron algorithm for bivariate fractal analysis of rock fractures roughness. Int J Rock Mech Min Sci 60(60):66–74

    Google Scholar 

  • Barla G (2017) Comprehensive study including testing, monitoring and thermo-hydro modelling for design and implementation of a geothermal system in Torino, Italy. Geomech Geophys Geo-Energy Geo-Resour 3:175–188

    Google Scholar 

  • Breede K, Dzebisashvili K, Liu X, Falcone G (2013) A systematic review of enhanced (or engineered) geothermal systems: past, present and future. Geotherm Energy. https://doi.org/10.1186/2195-9706-1-4

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Brown D (1995) The US Hot Dry Rock program-20 years of experience in reservoir testing. In: Proceedings of world geothermal congress, Firenze, pp 2607–2611

  • Bruno GDS, Einstein HH (2013) Modeling of crack initiation, propagation and coalescence in rocks. Int J Fract 182(2):167–186

    Google Scholar 

  • Cai MF, Kaiser PK, Tasaka Y, Maejima T, Morioka H, Minami M (2004) Generalized crack initiation and crack damage stress thresholds of brittle rock masses near underground excavations. Int J Rock Mech Min Sci 41(5):833–847

    Google Scholar 

  • Chaki S, Takarli M, Agbodjan WP (2008) Influence of thermal damage on physical properties of a granite rock: porosity, permeability and ultrasonic wave evolution. Constr Build Mater 22(7):1456–1461

    Google Scholar 

  • Chen YL, Wang SR, Ni J, Azzam R, Fernández-steeger TM (2017) An experimental study of the mechanical properties of granite after high temperature exposure based on mineral characteristics. Eng Geol 220:234–242

    Google Scholar 

  • Esamaldeen A, Wu G, Zhao Z, Jiang W (2014) Assessments of strength anisotropy and deformation behavior of banded amphibolite rocks. Geotech Geol Eng 32(2):429–438

    Google Scholar 

  • Fairhurst CE, Hudson JA (1999) Draft ISRM suggested method for the complete stress–strain curve for the intact rock in uniaxial compression. Int J Rock Mech Min Sci 36(3):279–289

    Google Scholar 

  • Gautam PK, Verma VK, Jha MK, Sharma P, Singh TN (2018) Effect of high temperature on physical and mechanical properties of Jalore granite. J Appl Geophys 159:460–474

    Google Scholar 

  • Gercek H (2007) Poisson’s ratio values for rocks. Int J Rock Mech Min Sci 44(1):1–13

    Google Scholar 

  • Ghasemi S, Khamehchiyan M, Taheri A, Nikudel MR, Zalooli A (2020) Crack evolution in damage stress thresholds in different minerals of granite rock. Rock Mech Rock Eng 53:1163–1178

    Google Scholar 

  • Guo Q, Su H, Liu J, Yin Q, Yu L (2019) An experimental study on the fracture behaviors of marble specimens subjected to high temperature treatment. Eng Fract Mech 225:106862

    Google Scholar 

  • Hao Y (2017) High-temperature slurry system for dry hot rock. Chem Technol Fuels Oils 52:732–735

    Google Scholar 

  • Hassanzadegan A, Blöcher G, Milsch H, Urpi L, Zimmermann G (2014) The effects of temperature and pressure on the porosity evolution of Flechtinger sandstone. Rock Mech Rock Eng 47(2):421–434

    Google Scholar 

  • Heap MJ, Baud P, Meredith PG (2009) Influence of temperature on brittle creep in sandstones. Geophys Res Lett 36(19):L19305

    Google Scholar 

  • Huang S (2012) Commentary: geothermal energy in china. Nat Clim Change 2(8):557–560

    Google Scholar 

  • Huang D, Gu D, Yang C, Huang R, Fu G (2016) Investigation on mechanical behaviors of sandstone with two preexisting flaws under triaxial compression. Rock Mech Rock Eng 49(2):375–399

    Google Scholar 

  • Kong B, Wang E, Li Z, Wang X, Liu J, Li N (2016) Fracture mechanical behavior of sandstone subjected to high-temperature treatment and its acoustic emission characteristics under uniaxial compression conditions. Rock Mech Rock Eng 49(12):1–8

    Google Scholar 

  • Kumari WGP, Ranjith PG, Perera MSA, Li X, Li LH, Chen BK, Avanthi Isaka BL, De Silva VRS (2018) Hydraulic fracturing under high temperature and pressure conditions with micro CT applications: geothermal energy from hot dry rocks. Fuel 230:138–154

    Google Scholar 

  • Kumari WGP, Beaumont DM, Ranjith PG, Perera MSA, Isaka BLA, Khandelwal M (2019) An experimental study on tensile characteristics of granite rocks exposed to different high-temperature treatments. Geomech Geophys Geo-Energy Geo-Resour 5(1):47–64

    Google Scholar 

  • Liu S, Xu J (2014) Mechanical properties of Qinling biotite granite after high temperature treatment. Int J Rock Mech Min Sci 71:188–193

    Google Scholar 

  • Liu R, Li B, Jiang Y (2016) A fractal model based on a new governing equation of fluid flow in fractures for characterizing hydraulic properties of rock fracture networks. Comput Geotech 75:57–68

    Google Scholar 

  • Liu Q, Qian Z, Wu Z (2019) Micro/macro physical and mechanical variation of red sandstone subjected to cyclic heating and cooling: an experimental study. Bull Eng Geol Env 78:1485–1499

    Google Scholar 

  • Mandelbrot BB (1982) The fractal geometry of nature, San Francisco, CA

  • Martin CD, Chandler NA (1994) The progressive fracture of lac du bonnet granite. Int J Rock Mech Min Sci Geomech Abstr 31(6):643–659

    Google Scholar 

  • Nishizawa O, Pearson C, Albright J (2013) Properties of seismic wave scattering around water injection well at Fenton hill hot dry rock geothermal site. Geophys Res Lett 10(1):101–104

    Google Scholar 

  • Pathiranagei SV, Gratchev I, Kong R (2021) Engineering properties of four different rocks after heat treatment. Geomech Geophys Geo-Energy Geo-Resour 7(16):1–21

    Google Scholar 

  • Pepe G, Mineo S, Pappalardo G, Cevasco A (2018) Relation between crack initiation-damage stress thresholds and failure strength of intact rock. Bull Eng Geol Env 77(2):709–724

    Google Scholar 

  • Ranjith PG, Viete DR, Chen BJ, Perera MSA (2012) Transformation plasticity and the effect of temperature on the mechanical behaviour of Hawkesbury sandstone at atmospheric pressure. Eng Geol 151:120–127

    Google Scholar 

  • Rong G, Yao MD, Peng J, Sha S, Tan J (2018a) Influence of initial thermal cracking on physical and mechanical behaviour of a coarse marble: insights from uniaxial compression tests with acoustic emission monitoring. Geophys J Int 214:1886–1900

    Google Scholar 

  • Rong G, Peng J, Cai M, Yao M, Zhou C, Sha S (2018b) Experimental investigation of thermal cycling effect on physical and mechanical properties of bedrocks in geothermal fields. Appl Therm Eng 141:174–185

    Google Scholar 

  • Salimzadeh S, Nick HM, Zimmerman RW (2018) Thermoporoelastic effects during heat extraction from low-permeability reservoirs. Energy 142:546–558

    Google Scholar 

  • Shah AA, Alsayed SH, Abbas H, Al-Salloum YA (2012) Predicting residual strength of non-linear ultrasonically evaluated damaged concrete using artificial neural network. Constr Build Mater 29:42–50

    Google Scholar 

  • Shao S, Ranjith PG, Wasantha PLP, Chen BK (2015) Experimental and numerical studies on the mechanical behaviour of Australian Strathbogie granite at high temperatures: an application to geothermal energy. Geothermics 54:96–108

    Google Scholar 

  • Shen Y, Yang Y, Yang G, Hou X, Ye W, You Z, Xi J (2018) Damage characteristics and thermo-physical properties changes of limestone and sandstone during thermal treatment from − 30 to 1000 °C. Heat Mass Transf 54(11):3389–3407

    Google Scholar 

  • Shen Y, Yuan J, Hou X, Hao J, Li T (2021) The strength changes and failure modes of high-temperature granite subjected to cooling shocks. Geomech Geophys Geo-Energy Geo-Resour 7(23):1–18

    Google Scholar 

  • Shi X, Jing H, Yin Q, Zhao Z, Gao Y (2020) Investigation on physical and mechanical properties of bedded sandstone after high-temperature exposure. Bull Eng Geol Env 79:2591–2606

    Google Scholar 

  • Song SB, Liu JF, Yang DS, Ni HY, Mao XB (2019) Pore structure characterization and permeability prediction of coal samples based on SEM images. J Nat Gas Sci Eng 67:160–171

    Google Scholar 

  • Stavrakas I, Triantis D, Kourkoulis SK, Pasiou ED, Dakanali I (2016) Acoustic emission analysis of cement mortar specimens during three point bending tests. Latin Am J Solids Struct 13:2283–2297

    Google Scholar 

  • Villalba MME, Mustafa K (2019) Correction to: Calibration of genetic algorithm parameters for mining-related optimization problems. Nat Resour Res 28(2):457–459

    Google Scholar 

  • Vishnu CS, Mamtani MA, Basu A (2010) Ams, ultrasonic P-wave velocity and rock strength analysis in quartzites devoid of mesoscopic foliations-implications for rock mechanics studies. Tectonophysics 494:191–200

    Google Scholar 

  • Wang LZ, Kong HL (2018) Variation characteristics of mass-loss rate in dynamic seepage system of the broken rocks. Geofluids 7137601

  • Wu JY, Feng MM, Yu B, Han G (2018) The length of pre-existing fissures effects on the mechanical properties of cracked red sandstone and strength design in engineering. Ultrasonics 82:188–199

    Google Scholar 

  • Xie H (2017) Research framework and anticipated results of deep rock mechanics and mining theory. J Sichuan Univ (engineering Science Edition) 49(2):1–16 (in Chinese)

    Google Scholar 

  • Xie H, Sanderson DJ, Peacock DCP (1994) A fractal model and energy dissipation for an echelon fractures. Eng Fract Mech 48(5):655–662

    Google Scholar 

  • Xu P, Yang SQ (2019) Influence of stress and high-temperature treatment on the permeability evolution behavior of sandstone. Acta Mech Sin 35:419–432

    MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  • Xu TF, Zhang YJ, Zeng ZF, Bao XH (2012) Technology progress in an enhanced geothermal system (Hot Dry Rock). Sci Technol Rev 30(32):42–45 (in Chinese)

    Google Scholar 

  • Yang S, Ranjith PG, Jing H, Tian W, Ju Y (2017) An experimental investigation on thermal damage and failure mechanical behavior of granite after exposure to different high temperature treatments. Geothermics 65:180–197

    Google Scholar 

  • Yavuz H, Demirdag S, Caran S (2010) Thermal effect on the physical properties of carbonate rocks. Int J Rock Mech Min Sci 47(1):94–103

    Google Scholar 

  • Yin Q, Liu R, Jing H, Su H, Yu L, He L (2019) Experimental study of nonlinear flow behaviors through fractured rock samples after high-temperature exposure. Rock Mech Rock Eng 52:2963–2983

    Google Scholar 

  • Yin Q, Wu J, Zhu C, He M, Jing H (2021) Shear mechanical responses of sandstone exposed to high temperature under constant normal stiffness boundary conditions. Geomech Geophys Geo-Energy Geo-Resour 7(35):1–17

    Google Scholar 

  • Yu L, Wu X, Wang Y, Ma W, Liu G (2020a) Stratified rock hydraulic fracturing for enhanced geothermal system and fracture geometry evaluation via effective length. Renew Energy 152:713–723

    Google Scholar 

  • Yu P, Pan P, Feng G, Wu Z, Zhao S (2020b) Physico-mechanical properties of granite after cyclic thermal shock. J Rock Mech Geotech Eng 12:693–706

    Google Scholar 

  • Zhang F, Zhao J, Hu D, Skoczylas F, Shao J (2018a) Laboratory investigation on physical and mechanical properties of granite after heating and water-cooling treatment. Rock Mech Rock Eng 51:677–694

    Google Scholar 

  • Zhang W, Sun Q, Zhang Y, Xue L, Kong F (2018b) Porosity and wave velocity evolution of granite after high-temperature treatment: a review. Environ Earth Sci. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-018-7514-3

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang W, Guo T, Qu Z, Wang Z (2019) Research of fracture initiation and propagation in HDR fracturing under thermal stress from meso-damage perspective. Energy 178:508–521

    Google Scholar 

  • Zhang Y, Zhao GF, Li Q (2020) Acoustic emission uncovers thermal damage evolution of rock. Int J Rock Mech Min Sci 132:104388

    Google Scholar 

  • Zhao Y, Feng Z, Xi B, Zhao J, Wan Z, Zhou A (2011) Prospect of HDR geothermal energy exploitation in Yangbajing, Tibet, China, and experimental investigation of granite under high temperature and high pressure. J Rock Mech Geotech Eng 3(3):260–269

    Google Scholar 

  • Zhao F, Sun Q, Zhang W (2020) Thermal damage analysis based on physical and mechanical indices of granodiorite. Géotech Lett 10:1–6

    Google Scholar 

  • Zhou HW, Wang ZH, Ren WG, Liu ZL, Liu JF (2019) Acoustic emission based mechanical behaviors of Beishan granite under conventional triaxial compression and hydro-mechanical coupling tests. Int J Rock Mech Min Sci 123:104125

    Google Scholar 

  • Zhu D, Jing HW, Yin Q, Ding SX, Zhang JH (2020) Mechanical characteristics of granite after heating and water-cooling cycles. Rock Mech Rock Eng 53(4):2015–2025

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

The financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (51904290, 52004272, 51734009); Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province, China (BK20180663, BK20200660), is gratefully acknowledged.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. State Key Laboratory for Geomechanics and Deep Underground Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, 221116, China

    Qian Yin, Jiangyu Wu, Qiang Zhang, Hongwen Jing & Jinyong Xie

  2. School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China

    Chun Zhu

  3. State Key Laboratory for Geomechanics and Deep Underground Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, China

    Qi Wang

Authors
  1. Qian Yin
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Jiangyu Wu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Chun Zhu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Qi Wang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Qiang Zhang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Hongwen Jing
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Jinyong Xie
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Jiangyu Wu.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Yin, Q., Wu, J., Zhu, C. et al. The role of multiple heating and water cooling cycles on physical and mechanical responses of granite rocks. Geomech. Geophys. Geo-energ. Geo-resour. 7, 69 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40948-021-00267-0

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40948-021-00267-0

Keywords

Search

Navigation