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Three-dimensional structural modeling and deformation analysis of Archean magnetite quartzite from the Anshan–Benxi area, northeastern China

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Abstract

The factors controlling the migration and enrichment of iron in Archean banded iron formations are important for understanding the formation of iron ore resources. Here we present, for the first time, a micro-three-dimensional modeling method that can be applied to hand specimens of iron ores. This method and petrographic observations, electron probe microanalysis, and the structural deformation characteristics of magnetite quartzite are used to assess the mechanisms of iron enrichment in such ores. The Anshan–Benxi area is located in the eastern part of the North China Craton, and is one of the most significant Archean banded iron deposits in the world. Magnetite quartzite is developed on a large scale in this area, which has experienced complex structural deformation, and thus these samples are ideal for our study. As such, we undertook micro-scale, three-dimensional structural modeling of representative hand specimens of the magnetite quartzite. Our methodology involved combined surface and internal modeling. The rock samples were sliced at fixed intervals and detailed scanned images of the slices were obtained, which enabled a three-dimensional model to be constructed of each sample. These three-dimensional models allow the deformational characteristics of the banded iron formation to be quantified on a hand specimen scale. Petrographic analysis showed that the banded magnetite quartzite has experienced brittle deformation, and electron microprobe analysis revealed iron enrichment in the fold axes. Structural deformation, such as folding and ductile shearing, has a controlling effect on iron enrichment, and the microscopic three-dimensional modeling method provides a new approach for studying the deformational characteristics of iron-bearing formations.

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Abbreviations

BIFs:

Banded iron formations

TTG:

Tonalite–trondhjemite–granodiorite

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Acknowledgements

We thank Yan-ni Ma and Ze-yu Liu for their assistance in our experiments.

Funding

This work was funded by a project titled “Deep Geological Survey of Benxi–Linjiang Area” (Project No. 1212011220247) from the 3D Geological Mapping and Deep Geological Survey of the China Geological Survey.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Geo-Exploration Science and Technology, Jilin University, Changchun, 130026, People’s Republic of China

    Chong Peng, Bao-zhi Pan, Hai-yan Liu & Kai Zhu

  2. College of Earth Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130061, People’s Republic of China

    Chong Peng, Lin-Fu Xue, Chuan-qi Dai & Chunhui Xu

  3. College of Geographical Sciences, Shanxi Normal University, Linfen, 041004, People’s Republic of China

    Chong Peng & Hai-yan Liu

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  1. Chong Peng
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Contributions

CP and BP conceived and designed the experiments; LX directed the writing of this article. HL perfected English writing and contributed analysis tools; CP, CD, KZ and CX analyzed the data and wrote the paper. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Lin-Fu Xue.

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Peng, C., Pan, Bz., Xue, LF. et al. Three-dimensional structural modeling and deformation analysis of Archean magnetite quartzite from the Anshan–Benxi area, northeastern China. Geomech. Geophys. Geo-energ. Geo-resour. 6, 62 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40948-020-00185-7

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