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Ejecta Transport, Breakup and Conversion

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Abstract

We report experimental results from an initial study of reactive and nonreactive metal fragments—ejecta—transporting in vacuum, and in reactive and nonreactive gases. We postulate that reactive metal fragments ejected into a reactive gas, such as H \(_2\), will break up into smaller fragments in situations where they are otherwise hydrodynamically stable in a nonreactive gas such as He. To evaluate the hypothesis we machined periodic perturbations onto thin Ce and Zn coupons and then explosively shocked them to eject hot, micron-scale fragments from the perturbations. The ejecta masses were diagnosed with piezoelectric pressure transducers, and their transport in H\(_2\) and He was imaged with visible and infrared (IR) cameras. Because \({\text {Ce}} + {\text {H}}_2 \mapsto {\text {CeH}}_2 + \Delta H\), where \(\Delta H\) is the enthalpy of formation, an observed increase of the relative IR (radiance) temperature \(T_{{R}}\) between the Ce–H\(_2\) and Ce–He gas systems can be used to estimate the amount of Ce that converts to CeH\(_2\). The experiments sought to determine whether dynamic chemical effects should be included in ejecta-transport models.

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Notes

  1. Nominally \(R_{{a}} = h_0/2 = 6\) μm, where \(2h_0 = 24\) μm is peak-to-valley depth of the periodic perturbations.

  2. Santa Barbara Focal Plane, Santa Barbara, CA, model SBFP-191

  3. Size measurements are beyond the scope of this study.

  4. The LDV probes were also 4 mm off center and in line with LN1.

  5. See Sect. IIID in [16] for a clear discussion on the recording of piezoelectric pin signals.

  6. This value of \(C_v^{\text {Ce}}\) at ρ Ce = 6550 mg/cm3 comes from the Los Alamos National Laboratory SESAME 90600 tables.

  7. It would help to have \(T_{{R}}\) for Zn transporting in 2 atm of D2, but we don’t. Therefore we assume that the behavior of Zn transporting in 3 atm of D\(_2\) informs the other situation.

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Acknowledgements

We acknowledge the support of the U.S. Department of Energy through the LANL/ LDRD Program. By acceptance of this article, the publisher recognizes that the U.S. Government retains a nonexclusive, royalty-free license to publish or reproduce the published form of this contribution, or to allow others to do so, for U.S. Government purposes. Los Alamos National Laboratory requests that the publisher identify this article as work performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Los Alamos National Laboratory, P.O. Box 1663, Los Alamos, NM, 87544, USA

    W. T. Buttler, R. K. Schulze, J. D. Schwarzkopf, J. C. Cooley, J. E. Hammerberg, A. Llobet, R. Manzanares, J. I. Martinez, D. W. Schmidt & D. G. Sheppard

  2. Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA

    S. K. Lamoreaux

  3. National Securities Technologies, Santa Barbara, CA, 93117, USA

    M. Grover, B. M. La Lone, G. D. Stevens, W. D. Turley & L. R. Veeser

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  1. W. T. Buttler
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  2. S. K. Lamoreaux
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  3. R. K. Schulze
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  4. J. D. Schwarzkopf
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  6. M. Grover
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Correspondence to W. T. Buttler.

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Buttler, W.T., Lamoreaux, S.K., Schulze, R.K. et al. Ejecta Transport, Breakup and Conversion. J. dynamic behavior mater. 3, 334–345 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40870-017-0114-6

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