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Virulence and genetic diversity among Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. carthami isolates of India using multilocus RAPD and ISSR markers

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Abstract

Safflower wilt, incited by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. carthami (Foc) is one of the most devastating diseases of safflower. Virulence and genetic diversity of 90 Foc isolates representing four major safflower growing states (Maharashtra, Karnataka, Telangana, and Madhya Pradesh) in India were analyzed. Out of 45 RAPD and 45 ISSR primers screened, 17 of each RAPD and ISSR markers revealed a comprehensive picture of genetic diversity. Primers depicting maximum heterozygosity, effective number of alleles, and Shannon information index were identified. Cluster and principal coordinate analyses distributed isolates from a given state among different clusters and quadrants, respectively, indicating high genetic diversity. However, certain region-specific groupings within clusters were found. The population structure comprised two sub-populations with admixture of alleles. AMOVA indicated maximum molecular variation within states (95%), and within races (79%). Among the six races identified on the basis of disease reactions on differential cultivars, Race 6 was the most virulent and Race 2 as the most prevalent. Groupings on the basis of molecular markers and geographical origin showed some degree of concurrence with the virulence of isolates. The findings are useful in screening of newly developed pathogen resistant varieties for the deployment of region-specific resistant cultivars of safflower.

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Acknowledgments

This work was funded by an R&D grant provided by the Research Council of University of Delhi, New Delhi, India. Neeraja Singh and Garima Anand are grateful to University Grants Commission, India for the research fellowships.

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  1. Department of Botany, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India

    Neeraja Singh, Garima Anand & Rupam Kapoor

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  1. Neeraja Singh
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Supplementary Figure S1

Collection sites of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. carthami isolates from safflower growing states of India. Numerals indicate the isolates collected from a particular district (a) Telangana (b) Karnataka (c) Maharashtra (d) Madhya Pradesh. (PNG 2790 kb)

High Resolution Image (TIF 9349 kb)

Supplementary Figure S2

Disease reaction of safflower cultivar HUS-305, (a) resistant against isolate Foc 38; (b) moderately-susceptible against isolate Foc 9; and (c) susceptible against isolate Foc 1. (JPG 1360 kb)

Supplementary Figure S3

DNA fingerprinting profiles of 34 Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. carthami isolates obtained with (a) RAPD primer OPI-12 (b) ISSR primer ISSR-15. M, 100 bp DNA ladder (JPG 365 kb)

Supplementary Figure S4

Neighbor-joining dendrogram of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. carthami (Foc) isolates based on 17 polymorphic RAPD markers. Three NJ clusters are designated as R1, R2 and R3. The column on the right of the dendrogram indicates the state from where the isolate was collected. (JPG 70 kb)

Supplementary Figure S5

Neighbor-joining dendrogram of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. carthami (Foc) isolates based on 17 polymorphic ISSR markers. Two NJ clusters are designated as I1 and I2. The column on the right of the dendrogram indicates the state from where the isolate was collected. (JPG 73 kb)

Supplementary Figure S6

Population structure of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. carthami isolates based on combined marker data. (a) Highest delta K value is observed for K value 2, indicating two sub-populations among the Foc isolates used in the study. (b) Each vertical bar represents a single Foc isolate. Admixture individuals have bars composed of two colors. (JPG 35 kb)

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Singh, N., Anand, G. & Kapoor, R. Virulence and genetic diversity among Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. carthami isolates of India using multilocus RAPD and ISSR markers. Trop. plant pathol. 44, 409–422 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40858-019-00303-1

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