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High-resolution flexible electronic devices by electrohydrodynamic jet printing: From materials toward applications

电流体喷印技术制备高分辨率柔性电子器件: 从材料到应用

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Abstract

High-resolution flexible electronic devices are widely used in the fields of soft robotics, smart human-machine interaction, and intelligent e-healthcare monitoring due to their mechanical flexibility, ductility, and compactness. The electrohydrodynamic jet printing (e-jet printing) technique is used for constructing high-resolution and cross-scale flexible electronic devices such as field-effect transistors (FETs), flexible sensors, and flexible displays. As a result, researchers are paying close attention to e-jet printing flexible electronic devices. In this review, we focused on the latest advancements in high-resolution flexible electronics made by e-jet printing technology, including various materials used in e-jet printing inks, the process control of e-jet printing, and their applications. First, we summarized various functional ink materials available for e-jet printing, including organic, inorganic, and hybrid materials. Then, the interface controlling the progress of e-jet printing was discussed in detail, including the physical and chemical properties of the functional ink, the interfacial wettability between the ink and substrate, and the micro-droplet injection behavior in a high-voltage field. Additionally, various applications of e-jet printing in the fields of flexible electrodes, FETs, flexible sensors, and flexible displays were demonstrated. Finally, the future problems and potential associated with the development of next generation e-jet printing technology for flexible electronic devices were also presented.

摘要

高分辨率柔性电子器件因其具有优异的本征柔性、 可延展性和微型化等优点, 被广泛地应用于软体机器人、 智能人机交互和人体健康监测等领域. 电流体动力喷射印刷(电喷印)技术作为一种变革性技术, 可以实现柔性场效应晶体管、 柔性传感器和柔性显示等柔性电子器件的高分辨率和跨尺度制造. 因此, 通过电喷印技术制备高分辨率柔性电子器件引起了国内外研究人员的广泛关注. 本综述重点介绍了电喷印技术在高分辨率柔性电子制造领域的最新研究进展, 其中包括制备电喷印油墨的各种功能材料、 在电喷印刷过程中的界面调控及其应用. 首先, 我们总结了用于电喷印技术的各种功能性墨水材料, 包括有机材料、 无机材料和杂化材料等. 然后, 详细介绍了影响电喷印过程中界面调控的主要因素, 如功能墨水的物理和化学性质、 墨水与基底之间的界面润湿性以及高压场中的微滴喷射行为等. 此外, 还总结了电喷印技术在柔性电极、 柔性场效应晶体管、 柔性传感器和柔性显示等领域的应用前景. 最后, 讨论了电喷印技术在下一代柔性电子设备应用中面临的机遇和挑战.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology of China (2018YFA0703200), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (51973154), and the Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin (20JCZDJC00680).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China

    Xinran Zheng  (郑欣然), Mingshuang Hu  (胡明爽), Yixuan Liu  (刘忆旋), Jun Zhang  (张鋆), Xiangxiang Li  (李湘湘) & Hui Yang  (杨辉)

  2. Chest hospital, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China

    Ximing Li  (李曦铭)

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  1. Xinran Zheng  (郑欣然)
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  2. Mingshuang Hu  (胡明爽)
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  3. Yixuan Liu  (刘忆旋)
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  4. Jun Zhang  (张鋆)
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  5. Xiangxiang Li  (李湘湘)
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  6. Ximing Li  (李曦铭)
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  7. Hui Yang  (杨辉)
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Contributions

Author contributions Yang H proposed the topic and outline of the manuscript. Zheng X and Yang H wrote and revised the manuscript. Hu M, Liu Y, and Zhang J summarized the references, and contributed to the manuscript writing. Li X polished this manuscript. Li X and Yang H offered creative proposal for improving the depth of the review. All authors contributed to the general discussion.

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Ximing Li  (李曦铭) or Hui Yang  (杨辉).

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Conflict of interest The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Additional information

Xinran Zheng received her Bachelor’s degree from the University of Jinan. Now, she is pursuing a Master’s degree at Tianjin University. She is doing her research under the guidance of Prof. Hui Yang. Her current research mainly focuses on the preparation and design of flexible electrodes for the dynamic monitoring of human electrophysiological signals.

Ximing Li is now a professor at the Department of Cardiology, Chest hospital, Tianjin University. He received his PhD degree from Tianjin Medical University in 2006. His research interests focus on flexible electronics for the clinical application of human electrocardiogram monitoring.

Hui Yang is a professor at the Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University. He received his PhD degree from Shandong University in 2012. He subsequently joined Prof. Xi Zhang’s group as a postdoctoral fellow at the Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University. In 2014–2018, he was a research fellow under the supervision of Prof. Xiaodong Chen at the School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University. His research interests focus on flexible and stretchable electronics by various flexible micro/nano fabrication technology for stable human electrophysiological signal sensing and intelligent e-healthcare.

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Zheng, X., Hu, M., Liu, Y. et al. High-resolution flexible electronic devices by electrohydrodynamic jet printing: From materials toward applications. Sci. China Mater. 65, 2089–2109 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40843-021-1988-8

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