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Advanced partial nucleation for single-phase FA0.92MA0.08PbI3-based high-efficiency perovskite solar cells

部分预成核以制备单相基于FA0.92MA0.08PbI3的高效太阳电池

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Abstract

To date, extensive research has been carried out, with considerable success, on the development of high-performance perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Owing to its wide absorption range and remarkable thermal stability, the mixed-cation perovskite FAxMA1−xPbI3 (formamidinium/methylammonium lead iodide) promises high performance. However, the ratio of the mixed cations in the perovskite film has proved difficult to control with precursor solution. In addition, the FAxMA1−xPbI3 films contain a high percentage of MA+ and suffer from serious phase separation and high trap states, resulting in inferior photovoltaic performance. In this study, to suppress phase separation, a post-processing method was developed to partially nucleate before annealing, by treating the as-prepared intermediate phase FAI-PbI2-DMSO (DMSO: dimethylsulfoxide) with mixed FAI/MAI solution. It was found that in the final perovskite, FA0.92MA0.08PbI3, defects were substantially reduced because the analogous molecular structure initiated ion exchange in the post-processed thin perovskite films, which advanced partial nucleation. As a result, the increased light harvesting and reduced trap states contributed to the enhancement of open-circuit voltage and short-circuit current. The PSCs produced by the post-processing method presented reliable reproducibility, with a maximum power conversion efficiency of 20.80% and a degradation of ∼30% for 80 days in standard atmospheric conditions.

摘要

目前为止, 对于高性能钙钛矿太阳能电池(PSCs)的开发已经进行了大量的研究, 并取得了显著的成果. 基于FAxMA1−xPbI3的混合阳离子钙钛矿具有广泛的吸光范围和显著的热稳定性, 是获得高性能器件的理想材料. 然而, 很难通过前驱体来控制钙钛矿膜中 混合阳离子的比例. 此外, 高MA+含量的FAxMA1−xPbI3薄膜存在严重的相分离和大量的陷阱态, 导致光伏性能较差. 为了抑制相分离, 本文提出了一种退火前部分成核的后处理方法, 用混合的甲酰胺碘/甲铵碘(FAI/MAI)溶液处理制备的FAI-PbI2-DMSO中间相, 最终得到的钙钛矿为FA0.92MA0.08PbI3. 发现由于类似的分子结构引发了钙钛矿后处理薄膜中的离子交换, 从而促进了部分成核, 缺陷大大减少. 因此, 增加的光捕获和减少的缺陷态有助于提高开路电压和短路电流. 用后处理方法制备的PSCs在大气条件下, 最大PCE为20.80%, 80天后降解率为30%, 具有可靠的重现性.

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Acknowledgements

The authors acknowledge support from the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2016YFA0202401), the 111 Project (B16016), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (51702096 and U1705256), the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (2018ZD07), and Metatest ScanPro Laser Scanning System.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, China

    Pengju Shi  (石鹏举), Yong Ding  (丁勇), Cheng Liu  (刘成), Yi Yang  (杨熠), Zulqarnain Arain, Molang Cai  (蔡墨朗), Yingke Ren  (任英科) & Songyuan Dai  (戴松元)

  2. Beijing Key Laboratory of Novel Thin-Film Solar Cells, Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Safety and Clean Utilization, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, China

    Pengju Shi  (石鹏举), Yong Ding  (丁勇), Cheng Liu  (刘成), Yi Yang  (杨熠), Zulqarnain Arain, Molang Cai  (蔡墨朗), Yingke Ren  (任英科) & Songyuan Dai  (戴松元)

  3. Energy System Engineering Department, Sukkur IBA University, Sukkur, 65200, Pakistan

    Zulqarnain Arain

  4. NAAM Research Group, Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia

    Tasawar Hayat & Ahmed Alsaedi

Authors
  1. Pengju Shi  (石鹏举)
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  2. Yong Ding  (丁勇)
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  3. Cheng Liu  (刘成)
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  4. Yi Yang  (杨熠)
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  5. Zulqarnain Arain
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  6. Molang Cai  (蔡墨朗)
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  7. Yingke Ren  (任英科)
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  8. Tasawar Hayat
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  9. Ahmed Alsaedi
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  10. Songyuan Dai  (戴松元)
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Contributions

Author contributions Shi P mainly completed the experiment, measurements and wrote the manuscript; Ding Y instructed the experiment and revised the manuscript; Liu C helped with the experiment; Yang Y helped with drawing the figures. Arain Z revised the language; Cai M helped with analyzing the mechanism; Ren Y helped with the measurements; Hayat T and Alsaedi A checked the manuscript before submitting; Dai S handled the manuscript overall.

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Yong Ding  (丁勇), Molang Cai  (蔡墨朗) or Songyuan Dai  (戴松元).

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Conflict of interest The authors declare no conict of interest

Additional information

Pengju Shi obtained his BSc degree from North China Electric Power University in 2017. He is a Master candidate of the North China Electric Power University under the supervision of Prof. Songyuan Dai. His research interests mainly focus on perovskite solar cells.

Yong Ding received his PhD from Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) in 2016. After graduation, he became a lecturer in North China Electric Power University (NCEPU). His research interest focuses on the 2D perovskite-based photoelectric devices, including perovskite solar cells and light-emitting diodes.

Molang Cai obtained her PhD degree in materials physics and chemistry from the Institute of Plasma Physics, CAS in 2013, studying interface engineering of dye sensitized solar cells. She was a postdoctoral researcher in Queensland University of Technology in 2013–2015, investigating electron transfer in perovskite solar cells. Since then, she has been working as a postdoctoral researcher in National Institute for Materials Science on performances of perovskite solar cells. Her research is focused on perovskite solar cells, dye-sensitized solar cells.

Songyuan Dai is a professor of the School of Renewable Energy, North China Electric Power University. He obtained his BSc degree in physics from Anhui Normal University in 1987, and MSc and PhD degrees in plasma physics from the Institute of Plasma Physics, CAS in 1991 and 2001, respectively. His research interests mainly focus on the next-generation solar cells including dye sensitized solar cells, quantum dot solar cells, perovskite solar cells, etc.

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Shi, P., Ding, Y., Liu, C. et al. Advanced partial nucleation for single-phase FA0.92MA0.08PbI3-based high-efficiency perovskite solar cells. Sci. China Mater. 62, 1846–1856 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40843-019-1186-4

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