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Simulation of Flow Patterns in Particulate Filters with Various Viscous Models

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Abstract

There has been an increased focus on using gasoline direct injection engines operating at the stoichiometric point due to their potential to improve fuel economy. Nonetheless, particulate matter emitted by gasoline vehicles negatively affect human health. Gasoline particulate filters are the most promising technology in the reduction of particulate matter emissions along with fuel efficiency. Depending on the particle’s size, its deposition and trajectory highly depend on flow pattern; however, the flow regime within gasoline particulate filters is still yet to be solved. The present investigation uses a representation of a gasoline particulate filter to demonstrate the effects of turbulence in the flow behaviour therein. These effects are analysed utilising different Reynolds-average-Navier-Stokes models and the laminar model with inflow velocities and filter wall permeability. The results demonstrate that turbulence significantly modifies flow pattern within the channels and porous wall as well as the pressure drop.

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Abbreviations

D c :

channel height, m

H :

domain height, m

k :

turbulent kinetic energy, m2/s2

L :

channel length, m

P :

pressure, Pa

P stat :

static pressure, Pa

\(S_{U_i}\) :

momentum source term, Pa/m

U c :

average velocity at the entrance of the inlet channel, m/s

U f :

velocity of the total flow fraction, m/s

U i :

velocity vector, m/s

U m :

velocity magnitude, m/s

U in :

upstream inlet velocity, m/s

P∗ :

dimensionless pressure (=P/(\(\frac {1}{2}\rho U^2))\)

Re:

Reynolds number

Rec :

channel Re number (=ρUcDc/μ)

Re𝜃t :

Reynolds momentum thickness

α :

permeability, m2

γ :

intermittency

μ :

viscosity, Pa-s

ω :

specific dissipation rate, 1/s

ρ :

density, kg/m3

CFD:

computer fluid dynamics

DPF:

diesel particulate filter

GDI:

gasoline direct injection

GPF:

gasoline particulate filter

PM:

particulate matter

RANS:

Reynolds-average-Navier-Stokes

SIMPLE:

semi-implicit method for pressure linked equations

SST:

shear stress transport

TI:

turbulence intensity

TVR:

turbulent viscosity ratio

TWC:

three-way catalyst

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Acknowledgements

Vega Mesquida acknowledges additional support from the Dean of the Faculty of Engineering at the University of Alberta, Dr. Forbes. I. Cornejo acknowledges the receipt of a Becas-Chile (CONICYT) scholarship.

Funding

This study is financially supported by the Natural Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada. I. This research was enabled in part by support provided by Compute Ontario (computeontario.ca) and Compute Canada (www.computecanada.ca).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada

    Ileana M. Vega Mesquida, Ivan Cornejo, Petr Nikrityuk & Robert E. Hayes

  2. Departamento de Ingenieria Quimica y Ambiental, Universidad Tecnica Federico Santa Maria, Valparaiso, Chile

    Ivan Cornejo

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  1. Ileana M. Vega Mesquida
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Correspondence to Robert E. Hayes.

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Mesquida, I.M.V., Cornejo, I., Nikrityuk, P. et al. Simulation of Flow Patterns in Particulate Filters with Various Viscous Models. Emiss. Control Sci. Technol. 6, 178–185 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40825-020-00158-y

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