Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

A city growth and land-use/land-cover change: a case study of Bhopal, India

  • Original Article
  • Published:
Modeling Earth Systems and Environment Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Nowadays, the rate of urban expansion is quite alarming in developing countries, especially in India. This hasty rate of urban expansion has significantly transformed the natural landscape and creates negative impact on environment. For planned development, we need to understand the urbanization process clearly, and also need to understand the changes in land use/land cover (LULC). Currently, remote-sensing data and GIS technique have been used extensively to understand the urbanization processes and its impact on land use. The aim of the current study is to analyze the expansion of Bhopal city and its impact on land use, using remotely sensed data along with several statistical techniques such as Shannon’s entropy and Chi square statistic. The analysis shows that the city has experienced a rapid rate of horizontal expansion; city area increased from 15.8 km2 in 1991 to 184.5 km2 in 2016 at an average change of 7 km2 year−1 with spatial disparity. LULC classes of the city area were altered by this expansion process. Expansions of built-up area mainly come from the agricultural and forest land. These are the two primary classes which were affected badly by this expansion process. The present study suggests to make cities more compact, and the need to take proper land and housing policy by the local governing authority and policy makers.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6

Similar content being viewed by others

Notes

  1. The term ‘sprawl’ refers here to unplanned and uncoordinated horizontal expansion of urban areas.

  2. The concept of ‘urban growth’ discussed here is confined within the extent, rate, and direction of expansion of built-up environment.

References

  • Almeida CM, De AM, Monteiro V, Câmara G, Soares-Filho BS, Cerqueira GC, Pennachin CL, Batty M (2005) GIS and remote sensing as tools for the simulation of urban land-use change. Int J Remote Sens 26(4):759–774

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Angel S, Sheppard SC, Civco DL (2005) The dynamics of global urban expansion. Transport and Urban Development Department of the World Bank. Retrieved May 11, 2009

  • Barnes KB, Morgan JM III, Roberge MC, Lowe S (2001) Sprawl development: its patterns, consequences, and measurement. Towson University, Towson, pp 1–24

    Google Scholar 

  • Bhatta B (2009) Analysis of urban growth pattern using remote sensing and GIS: a case study of Kolkata, India. Int J Remote Sens 30(18):4733–4746

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bhatta B, Saraswati S, Bandyopadhyay D (2010) Quantifying the degree-of-freedom, degree-of-sprawl, and degree-of-goodness of urban growth from remote sensing data. Appl Geogr 30(1):96–111

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Clarke KC, Hoppen S, Gaydos L (1997) A self-modifying cellular automaton model of historical urbanization in the San Francisco Bay area. Environ Plan B Plan Des 24(2):247–261

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • De NK, Jana NC (1997) The land: multifaceted appraisal and management. Sribhumi Publishing Company, Calcutta

    Google Scholar 

  • Deng JS, Wang K, Hong Y, Qi JG (2009) Spatio-temporal dynamics and evolution of land use change and landscape pattern in response to rapid urbanization. Landsc Urban Plan 92(3–4):187–198

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Farooq S, Ahmad S (2008) Urban sprawl development around Aligarh City: a study aided by satellite remote sensing and GIS. J Indian Soc Rem Sens 36(1):77–88

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Grimm NB, Grove Grove J, Pickett STA, Redman CL (2000) Integrated approaches to long-term studies of urban ecological systems: urban ecological systems present multiple challenges to ecologists—pervasive human impact and extreme heterogeneity of cities, and the need to integrate social and ecological approaches, concepts, and theory. AIBS Bull 50(7):571–584

    Google Scholar 

  • Haregeweyn N, Fikadu G, Tsunekawa A, Tsubo M, Meshesha DT (2012) The dynamics of urban expansion and its impacts on land use/land cover change and small-scale farmers living near the urban fringe: a case study of Bahir Dar, Ethiopia. Landsc Urban Plan 106(2):149–157

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Harvey D (2007) Neoliberalism as creative destruction. Ann Am Acad Polit Soc Sci 610(1):21–44

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hoselitz BF (1955) Generative and parasitic cities. Econ Dev Cult Change 3(3):278–294

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jat MK, Garg PK, Khare D (2008) Monitoring and modelling of urban sprawl using remote sensing and GIS techniques. Int J Appl Earth Obs Geoinf 10(1):26–43

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kumar JAV, Pathan SK, Bhanderi RJ (2007) Spatio-temporal analysis for monitoring urban growth—a case study of Indore city. J Indian Soc Remote Sens 35(1):11–20

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kumar M, Mukherjee N, Sharma GP, Raghubanshi AS (2010) Land use patterns and urbanization in the Holy City of Varanasi, India: a scenario. Environ Monit Assess 167(1–4):417–422

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lata KM, Sankar Rao CH, Krishna Prasad V, Badarianth KVS, Rahgavasamy V (2001) Measuring urban sprawl: a case study of Hyderabad. GIS Dev 5(12):26–29

    Google Scholar 

  • Lefebvre H, Nicholson-Smith D (1991) The production of space, vol 142. Blackwell, Oxford

    Google Scholar 

  • Mather AS (1986) Land use. Longman Publishing Group, Harlow

    Google Scholar 

  • Mohan Manju, Pathan Subhan K, Narendrareddy Kolli, Kandya Anurag, Pandey Sucheta (2011) Dynamics of urbanization and its impact on land-use/land-cover: a case study of Megacity Delhi. J Environ Protect 2(9):1274

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mundia CN, Murayama Y (2010) Modeling spatial processes of urban growth in African Cities: a case study of Nairobi City. Urban Geography 31(2):259–272

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nazarnia N, Harding C, Jaeger JAG (2019) How suitable is entropy as a measure of Urban Sprawl? Landsc Urban Plan 184:32–43

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Richardson HW, Bae CC, Baxamusa MH (2000) Compact cities in developing countries: assessment and implications. Compact cities: sustainable urban forms for developing countries. Spon Press, London, pp 25–36

    Google Scholar 

  • Shaw A (2007) Indian cities in transition. Orient BlackSwan, Hyderabad

    Google Scholar 

  • Sudhira HS, Ramachandra TV, Jagadish KS (2004) Urban sprawl: metrics, dynamics and modelling using GIS. Int J Appl Earth Obs Geoinf 5(1):29–39

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Thebpanya P, Bhuyan I (2015) Urban sprawl and the loss of Peri-Urban land: a case study of Nakhon Ratchasima Province, Thailand. Pap Appl Geogr 1(1):43–49

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wirth L (1938) Urbanism as a way of life. Am J Sociol 44(1):1–24

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yeh AGO, Li X (2001) Measurement and monitoring of urban sprawl in a rapidly growing region using entropy. Photogram Eng Remote Sens 67(1):83–90

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Centre for the Study of Regional Development, School of Social Science, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India

    Subhamay Ghosh

Authors
  1. Subhamay Ghosh
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Subhamay Ghosh.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Appendix

Appendix

Years

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

M i

Grand total (Mg)

Observed growth in built-up area

 1991–2000

1.7

4.4

0.7

1.4

1.3

2.0

3.6

0.8

1.8

2.2

2.9

4.2

2.4

1.3

2.1

1.1

33.8

118.5

 2000–2016

2.6

7.0

5.8

6.0

2.6

2.9

13.6

8.6

0.4

2.3

5.4

7.9

6.5

3.7

6.0

3.5

84.7

 Mj

4.3

11.4

6.5

7.4

3.9

4.9

17.2

9.4

2.1

4.5

8.2

12.0

8.9

5.0

8.2

4.6

 

Expected built-up growth

  

 1991–2000

1.2

3.3

1.9

2.1

1.1

1.4

4.9

2.7

0.6

1.3

2.3

3.4

2.5

1.4

2.3

1.3

  

 2000–2016

3.1

8.2

4.7

5.3

2.8

3.5

12.3

6.7

1.5

3.2

5.9

8.6

6.4

3.6

5.8

3.3

  

.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Ghosh, S. A city growth and land-use/land-cover change: a case study of Bhopal, India. Model. Earth Syst. Environ. 5, 1569–1578 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40808-019-00605-y

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40808-019-00605-y

Keywords

Search

Navigation