Abstract
Soils of different types have different recovery potential after pollution by petroleum hydrocarbons (PHC). The use of ameliorants helps to restore the condition of soils and improve soil fertility. The purpose of the work is to assess the ecological state of soils polluted by PHC after the use of biochar, sodium humate and “Baikal M-1”. There were three types of soils tested: Chernozem Haplic (CHha), Haplic Cambisols (CMha) and Haplic Arenosols (ARha). For modelling PHC contamination of soils, the prepared types of soils were placed in vegetable pots and ameliorants were introduced into the contaminated by PHC soil samples. After incubation (30 days), the residual content of PHC, the number of soil bacteria, and CO2 emissions were determined. The residual PHC content in the PHC-contaminated soils was reduced after the addition of biochar and sodium humate. At the same time, CO2 emission was maximum in ARha and CMha. The addition of “Baikal M-1” stimulated the emission of CO2 during PHC pollution of CHha. Sodium humate and biochar stimulated the total number of bacteria in CMha and ARha. The residual PHC content correlated with CO2 emission in CHha and ARha. The residual petroleum hydrocarbon content correlated with the number of soil bacteria in CMha and ARha after remediation. In conclusion, the addition of biochar and sodium humate can be recommended for bioremediating petroleum hydrocarbons contaminated CHha, CMha and ARha.
Article Highlights
Soils of different types have different resistance to contamination by PHCs.
Emission of CO2 was the highest in Chernozem Haplic after adding biochar and sodium humate.
The soil bacteria number in Chernozem Haplic and Haplic Arenosols increased with sodium humate treatment.
Biochar was the most effective ameliorant for Chernozem Haplic, Haplic Cambisols and Haplic Arenosols.
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Data Availability
The data used and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.
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Funding
The study was financially supported by the grant of the President MK-175.2022.5 and the project of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation to support the youth laboratory “Agrobiotechnologies to improve soil fertility and the quality of agricultural products” as part of the development program for the interregional scientific and educational center of the South of Russia (LabNOTS-21-01AB), supported by the Strategic Academic Leadership Program of the Southern Federal University (“Priority 2030”) №SP-12-22-10.
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All authors contributed to the study conception and design. Material preparation, data collection and analysis were performed by Tatiana Minnikova, Anna Ruseva, Sergey Kolesnikov. The first draft of the manuscript was written by Tatiana Minnikova, and all authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
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Minnikova, T., Ruseva, A. & Kolesnikov, S. Assessment of Ecological State of Soils Contaminated by Petroleum Hydrocarbons after Bioremediation. Environ. Process. 9, 49 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40710-022-00604-9
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40710-022-00604-9