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Biodegradation of Hydrocarbon-Contaminated Drill Mud Waste with Compost and Cow Bile

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Abstract

Bioremediation of hydrocarbon-contaminated drill mud waste (HCDMW) presents a major challenge to environmental scientists worldwide, particularly in relation to the low bioavailability of the hydrocarbons and lack of reliable nitrogen source. In this study, the effects of cow bile and compost on the degradation of HCDMW were investigated to determine their potentials as sources of biosurfactant and nitrogen, respectively, for bioremediation. The HCDMW, with an initial total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) content of 165 g/kg was amended with varying amounts of cow bile solution (0 mL, 10 mL, 20 mL and 30 mL), compost (0% N, 1.4% N, 2% N and 2.6% N), and their mixtures giving 16 treatments. TPH, interfacial tension and C:N ratio, among other variables, were monitored as indicators of hydrocarbon degradation over a six-week period. Results indicated at least 90% TPH reduction across the various amendments compared with 3.7% for the control. The treated HCDMW also had lower residual interfacial tension (17.5–32.5 mN/m) relative to the control (32.4–35.9 mN/m). Multiple linear regression analysis revealed strong effects of interfacial tension, pH, electrical conductivity and C:N ratio on TPH degradation. The combination treatment of compost and cow bile solution resulting in 1.4% nitrogen and 20 mL cow bile was the most effective for TPH reduction (99.9% or 0.14 g/kg). These findings suggest a strong interactive effect of compost and cow bile on degradation of HCDMW, demonstrating their potentials for bioremediation as nitrogen source and biosurfactants, respectively.

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Acknowledgments

We thank the team of environmental management professionals at Zeal Environmental Technologies led by Mr. Kwaku Ennin, CEO of the company, who offered the drill mud samples for investigation.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Theoretical and Applied Biology, Faculty of Biosciences, College of Science, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana

    Daniel Osei-Twumasi, Bernard Fei-Baffoe & Alexander Kofi Anning

  2. Department of Medical Diagnostics, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana

    Kwabena Owusu Danquah

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  1. Daniel Osei-Twumasi
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  2. Bernard Fei-Baffoe
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Contributions

DO-T, BF-B, AKA and KOD designed the study, DO-T conducted the experiment, DO-T and AKA performed the statistical analysis, and DO-T, BF-B, AKA and KOD wrote the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Daniel Osei-Twumasi.

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Highlights

• Drill mud waste is highly contaminated with total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH).

• Compost and cow bile supplementation strongly enhanced TPH degradation.

• Treatments adjusted interfacial tension, pH and C:N ratio to optimum levels.

• C:N ratio, pH, EC and surface tension strongly influenced TPH degradation.

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Osei-Twumasi, D., Fei-Baffoe, B., Anning, A.K. et al. Biodegradation of Hydrocarbon-Contaminated Drill Mud Waste with Compost and Cow Bile. Environ. Process. 7, 1111–1127 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40710-020-00464-1

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