Abstract
The extended-range electric vehicle (E-REV) is an electric vehicle concept that has a light engine to allow an extended driving range. One of the most important features of these vehicles, based on electricity, is their ability to recover significant amounts of braking energy in a process known as regenerative braking. The more driving motor operates widely as generator, the more braking energy can be absorbed. However, it is not realistic in terms of performance for components. This study proposes three regenerative braking torque maps as the constraints to consider their performance. The results of fuel economy for simulations while applying proposed torque maps are compared with those of simulations without any constraints to evaluate effect of regenerative braking for E-REV bus according to characteristic of driving cycle. The characteristics of driving cycles are analyzed to find relationship between driving cycle and fuel economy. The aggressiveness of the driving cycles shows a linear relationship with regard to the difference in the fuel economy. This result can be used to develop power distribution control strategies with regenerative braking models to improve fuel economy levels.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.
Abbreviations
- Agg:
-
aggressiveness of driving cycle (m/s2)
- a:
-
acceleration of vehicle (m/s2)
- v:
-
velocity of vehicle (m/s)
- Rregen :
-
recuperation rate (%)
- Etotal :
-
total braking energy (J)
- Ebat,regen :
-
energy charged to the battery while braking (J)
References
Shin, D.-H. and Lee, B.-H., “Global Market Forecasts and Technology Issues of Plug-in HEV,” Auto Journal, Vol. 33, No. 10, pp. 20–25, 2011.
Ehsani, M., Gao, Y., and Emadi, A., “Modern Electric, Hybrid Electric, and Fuel Cell Vehicles: Fundamentals, Theory and Design,” CRC Press, 2nd Ed., pp. 411–431, 2010.
Choi, S., Ko, K., and Jeung, I., “Optimal Fuel-Cut Driving Method for Better Fuel Economy,” International Journal of Automotive Technology, Vol. 14, No. 2, pp. 183–187, 2013.
Ko, J., Ko, S., Kim, I., Hyun, D., and Kim, H., “Co-Operative Control for Regenerative Braking and Friction Braking to Increase Energy Recovery without Wheel Lock,” International Journal of Automotive Technology, Vol. 15, No. 2, pp. 253–262, 2014.
Kim, N., Lohse-Busch, H., and Rousseau, A., “Development of a Model of the Dual Clutch Transmission in Autonomie and Validation with Dynamometer Test Data,” International Journal of Automotive Technology, Vol. 15, No. 2, pp. 263–271, 2014.
Khajepour, A., Fallah, S., and Goodarzi, A., “Electric and Hybrid Vehicles: Technologies, Modeling and Control — A Mechatronic Approach,” Wiley, pp. 233–235, 2014.
Gao, Y., Chen, L., and Ehsani, M., “Investigation of the Effectiveness of Regenerative Braking for EV and HEV,” SAE Technical Paper, 1999.
Sangtarash, F., Esfahanian, V., Nehzati, H., Haddadi, S., Bavanpour, M. A., et al., “Effect of Different Regenerative Braking Strategies on Braking Performance and Fuel Economy in a Hybrid Electric Bus Employing Cruise Vehicle Simulation,” SAE Technical Paper, Paper No. 2008-01-1561, 2008.
Bao, R. and Stobart, R., “Study on Optimization Regenerative Braking Control Strategy in Heavy-Duty Diesel Engine City Bus using Pneumatic Hybrid Technology,” SAE Technical Paper, Paper No. 2014-01-1807, 2014.
Lee, D., Kim, N., Jeong, J., Park, Y., and Cha, S., “Component Sizing and Engine Optimal Operation Line Analysis for a Plug-in Hybrid Electric Transit Bus,” International Journal of Automotive Technology, Vol. 14, No. 3, pp. 459–469, 2013.
Lee, D., Jeong, J., Park, Y., and Cha, S., “The Component Sizing Process and Performance Analysis of Extended-Range Electric Vehicles (E-REV) Considering Required Vehicle Performance,” Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers, Vol. 21, No. 2, pp. 136–145, 2013.
Anderson, D. and Slezak, L., “What Can Autonomie Do for You?” Proc. of the IEEE on Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference, pp. 1–153, 2011.
Choi, J., Lee, D., Jeong, J., Lee, H. Y., Park, Y., et al., “Development of Forward Simulator for Analysis of E-REV Bus Performance,” Proc. of KSAE Spring Conference, pp. 1753–1756, 2013.
Sharer, P., Rousseau, A., Karbowski, D., and Pagerit, S., “Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle Control Strategy: Comparison between EV and Charge Depleting Options,” SAE Technical Paper, Paper No. 2008-01-0460, 2008.
Wirasingha, S. G. and Emadi, A., “Classification and Review of Control Strategies for Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles,” IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, Vol. 60, No. 1, pp. 111–122, 2011.
Jeong, J., Lee, D., Kim, N., Zheng, C., Park, Y.-I., et al., “Development of PMP-Based Power Management Strategy for a Parallel Hybrid Electric Bus,” Int. J. Precis. Eng. Manuf., Vol. 15, No. 2, pp. 345–353, 2014.
Kim, J., Lee, C., and Park, Y., “Analysis of Fuel Economy for Series Plug-in Hybrid Electric Bus according to Engine Operation Strategy Based on Simulation,” Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers, Vol. 22, No. 5, pp. 102–107, 2014.
Kim, Y., Lee, Y., Choi, K., Jeong, D., Lim, Y., et al., “Development of a Diesel-Hybrid Bus and Measurement of Fuel Consumption and Exhaust Gas Emission,” Proc. of KSAE Autumn Conference, pp. 2876–2881, 2011.
Choi, J., Jeong, J., Lee, D., Shin, C., Park, Y., et al., “Analysis of Fuel Economy Sensitivity for Parallel Hybrid Bus according to Variation of Simulation Input Parameter,” Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers, Vol. 21, No. 6, pp. 92–99, 2013.
Lee, D., Seo, H., Park, Y., Lim, W., and Cha, S., “System Efficiency Analysis for Next Generation Eco-Friendly Vehicles with Aggressiveness of Real-World Driving Schedules,” Proc. of KSAE Autumn Conference, pp. 3178–3183, 2010.
Jeong, J., Lee, D., Shin, C., Jeong, D., Min, K., et al., “Comparison of the Fuel Economy of Series and Parallel Hybrid Bus System using Dynamic Programming,” Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers, Vol. 21, No. 1, pp. 92–98, 2013.
Zheng, C., Shin, C. W., Park, Y., and Cha, S. W., “Evaluation of Hybridization in FCVs based on Equivalent Fuel Consumption,” Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers, Vol. 19, No. 5, pp. 143–147, 2011.
Zheng, C., Oh, C., Park, Y., and Cha, S., “Fuel Economy Evaluation of Fuel Cell Hybrid Vehicles based on Equivalent Fuel Consumption,” International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, Vol. 37, No. 2, pp. 1790–1796, 2012.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Choi, J., Jeong, J., Park, Yi. et al. Evaluation of regenerative braking effect for E-REV bus according to characteristic of driving cycle. Int. J. of Precis. Eng. and Manuf.-Green Tech. 2, 149–155 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40684-015-0019-6
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40684-015-0019-6