Notes
More precisely, these ‘-isms’ do appear sporadically in the book, but are cited as basic terms or ideas that are treated as constituent of organicism, rather than separate intellectual positions.
Morgan is included as a “first generation” organicist (TLO, p. 23) while Smuts is included as an important tangential figure capturing the Zeitgeist of organicism during the 1920’s and early 1930’s.
These are discussed at length by Pnina Abir-Am (e.g. 1987), who I will return to forthwith.
Even the critic Ernst Mayr gave a positive nod to organicism in his The Growth of Biological Thought (1982, pp. 66), though the genuineness of this nod has been disputed.
Ecology is also all too rarely examined by philosophers and historians of science, so I cannot really fault Peterson for this point.
References
Abir-Am, P. G. (1987). The biotheoretical gathering, transdisciplinary authority and the incipient legitimation of molecular biology in the 1930’s: New perspective on the historical sociology of science. History of Science, 25, 1–70.
Alexander, S. (1920). Space, time and deity: The Gifford lectures at Glasgow, 1916–1918 (2nd ed.). London: McMillan.
Baedke, J. (2013). The epigenetic landscape in the course of time: Conrad Hal Waddington’s methodological impact on the life sciences. Studies in History and Philosophy of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, 44, 756–773.
Baedke, J. (2018). Above the gene, beyond biology; toward a philosophy of epigenetics. Pittsburgh, PA: University of Pittsburgh Press.
Blitz, D. (1992). Emergent evolution: Qualitative novelty and the levels of reality. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers.
Bonner, J. T. (Ed.). (1982). Evolution and development: Report of the Dahlem workshop on evolution and development Berlin 1981, May 10–15. Berlin: Springer.
Broad, C. D. (1925). The mind and its place in nature. London: Paul, Trench, Trubner.
Callebaut, W. (1993). Taking the naturalistic turn, or, how real philosophy of science is done. Chicago, IL: Chicago University Press.
Crowe, N., Dietrich, M. R., Alomepe, B. S., Antrim, A. F., ByrneSim, B. L., & He, Yi. (2015). The diversification of developmental biology. Studies in History and Philosophy of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, 53, 1–15.
Esposito, M. (2015). Romantic biology, 1890–1945. New York, NY: Routledge.
Gilbert, S. F., & Sarkar, S. (2000). Embracing complexity: Organicism for the twenty-first century. Developmental Dynamics, 219(1), 1–9.
Golley, F. (1996). A history of the ecosystem concept in ecology: More than the sum of the parts. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
Gould, S. J. (1973). Order and Life by Joseph Needham. Leonardo, 6(3), 267.
Hall, B. K., Pearson, R. D., & Müller, G. B. (2004). Environment, development, and evolution: Toward a synthesis. Cambridge: MIT Press.
Haraway, D. (1976). Crystals, fabrics, and fields: Metaphors of organicism in twentieth century developmental biology. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
Kwa, C. (1987). Representations of nature mediating between ecology and science policy: The case of the international biology program. Social Studies of Science, 17, 413–442.
Laubichler, M., & Maienschein, J. (Eds.). (2007). From embryology to Evo-Devo: A history of developmental evolution. Cambridge: MIT Press.
McLaughlin, B. P. (1992). The rise and fall of British emergentism. In H. F. Beckermann & J. Kim (Eds.), Emergence or reduction? (pp. 49–93). Berlin: Walter de Gruyter.
Needham, J. (1936). Order and life. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Needham, J. (1942). Berkeleian biology. Nature, 129(3258), 524–525.
Nicholson, D. J., & Gawne, R. (2014). Rethinking Woodger’s Legacy in the Philosophy of biology. Journal of the History of Biology, 47(2), 243–292.
Nicholson, D. J., & Gawne, R. (2015). Neither logical empiricism nor vitalism, but organicism: What the philosophy of biology was. History and Philosophy of the Life Sciences, 37(4), 345–381.
Odum, E. P. (1977). The emergence of ecology as a new integrative discipline. Science, 195(4284), 1289–1293.
Pigliucci, M., & Müller, G. B. (Eds.). (2010). Evolution—the extended synthesis. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Senechal, M. (2013). I died for beauty: Dorothy Wrinch and the cultures of science. Oxford, NY: Oxford University Press.
Sölch, D. (2016). Wheeler and Whitehead: Process biology and process philosophy in the early twentieth century. Journal of the History of Ideas, 77(3), 489–507.
Waddington, C. H. (1952). The epigenetics of birds. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Waddington, C. H. (1975). The origin. In E. Worthington (Ed.), The evolution of the IBP (pp. 4–7). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Wheeler, M. (1926). Emergent evolution and the social. Science, 64(1662), 433–440.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Brooks, D.S. Conceptual heterogeneity and the legacy of organicism: thoughts on the life organic. HPLS 41, 24 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40656-019-0263-0
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40656-019-0263-0