Abstract
Purpose
To investigate 4-HNE expression in diabetic rat kidneys and the protective effect of probucol.
Methods
Diabetic rat models were established. Diabetic rats with successful modeling were randomly divided into the diabetic group (group D) and probucol treated group (group P). Normal rats were put into the control group (group C). Rats in group P were treated with probucol (110 mg/kg day), and rats in groups D and C were given equal volume of water instead. Serum creatinine (SCr), urea nitrogen (BUN), triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), and 24-h urinary protein were measured at the 4th, 8th, and 12th weeks. Periodic acid-schiff (PAS) staining and hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining were used to evaluate the renal pathological changes. The immunohistochemistry and Western-blot were used to detect 4-HNE expression in renal tissue.
Results
The SCr, BUN, TG, TC, and 24-h urinary protein in group D increased in the 4th, 8th, and 12th weeks and were higher than those in group C (P < 0.05). The SCr, BUN, TG, TC, and 24-h urinary protein in group P decreased compared to group D (P < 0.05). Pathological kidney changes in group D were more serious than those in group P. The level of 4-HNE expression in group D significantly increased at the 4th, 8th, and 12th weeks and were higher than those in group C (P < 0.05). In the kidneys treated with probucol, the level of 4-HNE significantly decreased compared to group D (P < 0.05).
Conclusions
Probucol can protect the diabetic kidney by decreasing 4-HNE expression and lipid peroxidation levels.
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Acknowledgments
We thank Dongmei Meng and Changchang Liu for the assistance in the animal experiment.
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The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.
Ethical approval
The protocols in this study were approved by the Ethics Committee of Qingdao Central Hospital. Animal testing was performed in accordance with the international guiding principles for biomedical research.
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Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.
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Liu, G., Ji, W., Huang, J. et al. 4-HNE expression in diabetic rat kidneys and the protective effects of probucol. J Endocrinol Invest 39, 865–873 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40618-015-0428-y
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40618-015-0428-y