Abstract
The changing criterion design (CCD) has been a recognized format of single-case research for four decades. Published examples of the CCD have been limited and the structure of the design used in the literature has varied to a degree that might engender confusion. This review examines the structure of CCD studies published to date to identify prior implementation practices and identify best practices for future use.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Alberto, P. A., & Troutman, A. C. (2006). Applied behavior analysis for teachers (7th ed.). Upper Saddle River: Pearson Education, Inc.
Barlow, D. H., & Hersen, M. (1984). Single case experimental designs: strategies for studying behavior change (2nd ed.). New York: Pergamon Press.
Brown, R. E., Copeland, R. E., & Hall, R. V. (1974). School phobia: effects of behavior modification treatment applied by an elementary school principal. Child Study Journal, 4, 125–133.
Burley, S., Gutkin, T. B., & Wendy, N. (1994). Assessing the efficacy of an academic hearing peer tutor for a profoundly deaf student. American Annals of the Deaf, 139, 415–419.
Cooper, J. O., Heron, T. E., & Heward, W. L. (2007). Applied behavior analysis (2nd ed.). Upper Saddle River: Pearson Education, Inc.
Delprato, D. J. (2002). Countercontrol in behavior analysis. The Behavior Analyst, 25, 191–200.
De Luca, R. V., & Holborn, S. W. (1990). Effects of fixed-interval and fixed-ratio schedules of token reinforcement on exercise with obese and non-obese boys. Psychological Record, 40, 67–82.
De Luca, R. V., & Holborn, S. W. (1992). Effects of a variable-ratio reinforcement schedule with changing criteria on exercise in obese and nonobese boys. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 25, 671–679.
Fantuzzo, J. W., & Polite, K. (1990). School-based, behavioral self-management: a review and analysis. School Psychology Quarterly, 5, 180–198.
Fantuzzo, J. W., Polite, K., Cook, D. M., & Quinn, G. (1988). An evaluation of the effectiveness of teacher- vs. student-management classroom interventions. Psychology in the Schools, 25, 154–163.
Flood, W. A., & Wilder, D. A. (2004). The use of differential reinforcement and fading to increase time away from a caregiver in a child with separation anxiety disorder. Education and Treatment of Children, 27, 1–8.
Grey, I., Healy, O., Leader, G., & Hayes, D. (2009). Using a Time Timer to increase appropriate waiting behavior in a child with developmental disabilities. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 30, 359–366.
Hall, R. V. (1971). Managing behavior: behavior modification, the measurement of behavior. Lawrence: H&H Enterprises.
Hall, R. V., & Fox, R. G. (1977). Changing-criterion designs: an alternate applied behavior analysis procedure. In B. C. Etzel, J. M. LeBlanc, & D. M. Baer (Eds.), New developments in behavioral research: theory, method, and application. Hillsdale: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.
Harris, F. N., & Jenson, W. R. (1985). Comparisons of multiple-baseline across persons designs and AB designs with replication: issues and confusions. Behavioral Assessment, 7, 121–127.
Hartmann, D. P., & Hall, R. V. (1976). The changing criterion design. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 9, 527–532.
Horner, R. D., & Baer, D. M. (1978). Multiple-probe technique: a variation on the multiple baseline design. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 11, 189–196.
Kazdin, A. E. (1982). Single-case research designs: methods for clinical and applied settings. New York: Oxford University Press.
Kazdin, A. E. (2011). Single-case research designs: methods for clinical and applied settings. New York: Oxford University Press.
Kratochwill, T. R., Hitchcock, J. H., Horner, R. H., Levin, J. R., Odom, S. L., Rindskopf, D. M., & Shadish, W. R. (2013). Single-case intervention research design standards. Remedial and Special Education, 34, 26–38.
McDougall, D. (2005). The range-bound changing criterion design. Behavioral Interventions, 20, 129–137.
McDougall, D. (2006). The distributed criterion design. Journal of Behavioral Education, 15, 237–247.
Roane, H. S., Rihgdahl, J. E., Kelley, M. E., & Glover, A. C. (2011). Single-case experimental designs. In W. W. Fisher, C. C. Piazza, & H. S. Roane (Eds.), Handbook of applied behavior analysis (pp. 132–147). New York: Guilford Press.
Schleien, S. J., Wehman, P., & Kiernan, J. (1981). Teaching leisure skill to severely handicapped adults: an age-appropriate darts game. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 14, 513–519.
Sidman, M. (1960). Tactics of scientific research: evaluating experimental data in psychology. New York: Basic Books.
Tawney, J. W., & Gast, D. L. (1984). Single subject research in special education. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company.
Wallace, C. J., & Davis, J. R. (1974). Effects of information and reinforcement on the conversational behavior of chronic psychiatric patient dyads. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 42, 656–662.
Weis, L., & Hall, R. V. (1971). Modification of cigarette smoking through avoidance of punishment. In R. V. Hall (Ed.), Managing behavior: behavior modification applications in school and home (pp. 54–55). Lawrence: H & H Enterprises.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Klein, L.A., Houlihan, D., Vincent, J.L. et al. Best Practices in Utilizing the Changing Criterion Design. Behav Analysis Practice 10, 52–61 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40617-014-0036-x
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40617-014-0036-x