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Ethnic Differences Among Black Men in Prostate Cancer Knowledge and Screening: a Mixed-Methods Study

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Abstract

Black men are disproportionately affected by prostate cancer (PCa) incidence and mortality. Limited research has been reported on the ethnic differences among Black men in regard to family history, knowledge, and screening habits. Thus, this study was conducted to understand and compare knowledge levels and family history of the three main Black subgroups (African Americans, Caribbean immigrants, and African immigrants) in the USA and to assess the influence of knowledge on past screening behavior and intentionality for screening in the future for PCa. A concurrent mixed-methods design was used with participants (N = 396) recruited from different parts of the country. The grounded theory method of analysis was used for qualitative data and a logistic regression was used to explain the relationship between screening intentionality and PCa knowledge and family history. Qualitative results indicated that subjective PCa knowledge between the three subgroups was relatively similar but differed based on whether a person knew a family member or friend who had been affected by the disease. Themes focused on risk, PCa education, screening, and impact on sexuality. Quantitatively, result revealed that there are ethnic differences in knowledge across the three subgroups. Additionally, regression results revealed that family history is a stronger predictor of screening behavior and intentionality than knowledge. This study was able to unveil a deeper understanding on the role of family history and knowledge on PCa among Black subgroups.

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Funding

This work was supported in part by NIH grant 5P20MD006988, the LLU Center for Health Disparities and Molecular Medicine.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Loma Linda University School of Behavioral Health, 11065 Campus St, Loma Linda, CA, 92350, USA

    Nipher Malika, Qais Alemi & Susanne Montgomery

  2. Institute for Community Partnerships, Loma Linda University, 11188 Anderson Street, Loma Linda, CA, 92350, USA

    Nipher Malika

  3. Loma Linda University School of Nursing, 11262 Campus Street, West Hall, Loma Linda, CA, 92350, USA

    Lisa Roberts

  4. Center for Health Disparities and Molecular Medicine, Departments of Basic Sciences and Medicine, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Mortensen Hall, 11085 Campus Street, Loma Linda, CA, 92350, USA

    Carlos A. Casiano

Authors
  1. Nipher Malika
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  2. Lisa Roberts
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  3. Qais Alemi
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  4. Carlos A. Casiano
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  5. Susanne Montgomery
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Contributions

Study concept and design: NM, SM, LR, CC

Acquisition of data: NM, SM, LR, CC

Analysis and interpretation of data: NM, SM, QA

Drafting of the manuscript: NM

Critical revision of the manuscript for important intellectual content: SM, LR, CC, QA

Statistical analysis: NM

Obtained Funding: CC

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Nipher Malika.

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Ethical Standards

The Loma Linda University Institutional Review Board approved the study and informed consent was obtained from all participants for being included in the study. All procedures followed were in accordance with the ethical standards of the Responsible Committee on Human Experimentation (institutional and national) and with the Helsinki Declaration of 1975, as revised in 2000.

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The authors declare no competing interests.

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Malika, N., Roberts, L., Alemi, Q. et al. Ethnic Differences Among Black Men in Prostate Cancer Knowledge and Screening: a Mixed-Methods Study. J. Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities 9, 874–885 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40615-021-01027-2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40615-021-01027-2

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