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Diet quality indices are associated with sleep and mental health status among diabetic women: a cross-sectional study

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Abstract

Objective

Diabetes is a common chronic disease with many complications. Controlling these complexities may enhance the quality of life. This study was conducted to investigate the association between diet quality indices and sleep, stress, anxiety, and depression among diabetic women.

Design

Cross-sectional study.

Setting

A validated and reliable food frequency questionnaire was filled to assess the dietary intake and adherence to the diet quality indices. Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and 21 items Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale were used to assess the sleep and mental disorders, respectively.

Participants

This study was conducted on 230 Tehrani women with type 2 diabetes.

Results

Patients who were in the top tertile of diet quality index consumed less fat, saturated mono-and poly-unsaturated fatty acids, and sodium (P < 0.05). Participants who were in top tertile of diet quality indices consumed more fruits, and vegetables. Patients in the highest tertile of diet quality index-international had less risk of depression (OR: 0.17; 95% CI: 0.07; 0.41), anxiety (OR: 0.36; 95% CI: 0.16; 0.80), stress (OR: 0.09; 95% CI: 0.04; 0.21), and poor sleep (OR: 0.12; 95% CI: 0.04; 0.36). Patients in the highest tertile of healthy eating index-international had less risk of depression (OR: 0.06; 95% CI: 0.02; 0.21), anxiety (OR: 0.10; 95% CI: 0.04; 0.26), stress (OR: 0.11; 95% CI: 0.05; 0.26), and poor sleep (OR: 0.08; 95% CI: 0.03; 0.20).

Conclusion

Patients with higher adherence to diet quality indices were likely less to have mental disorders or poor sleep.

Level of evidence

Level V: based on descriptive studies (a Cross-sectional study).

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Acknowledgements

We would like to express our thankfulness to Dr. Nasli, secretary of the Diabetes Research Center of Tehran University of Medical Sciences, and all staff in this center in Tehran, Iran.

Funding

This study is supported by the Tehran University of Medical Sciences (grant number: 34260).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran

    Elnaz Daneshzad

  2. Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Elnaz Daneshzad & Leila Azadbakht

  3. Department of Exercise, Physiology, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

    Maryam Mansordehghan

  4. Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Bagher Larijani

  5. Songhor Healthcare Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran

    Javad Heshmati

  6. Department of Biochemistry and Diet Therapy, Nutrition Research Center, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran

    Tohid Rouzitalab

  7. Clinical Research Center, Fundación Valle del Lili, Cali, Colombia

    Ana Beatriz Pizarro

  8. Diabetes Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Leila Azadbakht

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  1. Elnaz Daneshzad
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Contributions

LA provided the idea of this study. ED, BL and LA designed this study. LA supervised the study. ED conducted the study and performed the statistical analyses. ED, MM, JH and TR prepared a first draft of the manuscript, and LA finalized it. ABP and BL read the manuscript and commented on it.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Leila Azadbakht.

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Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Ethics approval

This study was conducted according to the guidelines laid down in the Declaration of Helsinki and all procedures involving research study participants were approved by the ethical committee of the Tehran University of Medical Sciences.

Informed consent

Written informed consent was obtained from all patients.

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Daneshzad, E., Mansordehghan, M., Larijani, B. et al. Diet quality indices are associated with sleep and mental health status among diabetic women: a cross-sectional study. Eat Weight Disord 27, 1513–1521 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40519-021-01294-2

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