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Structural validity, measurement invariance, reliability and diagnostic accuracy of the Italian version of the Yale Food Addiction Scale 2.0 in patients with severe obesity and the general population

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Abstract

Purpose

To examine the structural validity, measurement invariance, reliability, and some other psychometrical properties of the Italian version of the Yale Food Addiction Scale 2 (I-YFAS 2.0) in patients with severe obesity and the general population.

Methods

704 participants—400 inpatients with severe obesity and 304 participants enrolled from the general population—completed the I-YFAS 2.0 and questionnaires measuring eating disorder symptoms. A first confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) tested a hierarchical structure in which each item of the I-YFAS 2.0 loaded onto one of the twelve latent symptoms/criteria which loaded onto a general dimension of Food Addiction (FA). The second CFA tested a first-order structure in which symptoms/criteria of FA simply loaded onto a latent dimension. Measurement invariance (MI) between the group of inpatients with severe obesity and the sample from the general population was also tested. Finally, convergent validity, test–retest reliability, internal consistency, and prevalence analyses were performed.

Results

CFAs confirmed the structure for the I-YFAS 2.0 for both the hierarchical structure and the first-order structure. Configural MI and strong MI were reached for hierarchical and the first-order structure, respectively. Internal consistencies were shown to be acceptable. Prevalence of FA was 24% in the group of inpatients with severe obesity and 3.6% in the sample from the general population.

Conclusions

The I-YFAS 2.0 represents a valid and reliable questionnaire for the assessment of FA in both Italian adult inpatients with severe obesity and the general population, and is a psychometrically sound tool for clinical as well as research purposes.

Level of evidence

Level V, descriptive study.

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Acknowledgements

The author(s) received no financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article. Author AR performed all statistical analysis and wrote the manuscript. Authors GP, SM, ANG, and GC critically revised the manuscript. Author GMM supervised the overall research process. All the authors revised and accepted the last version of the manuscript. The authors wish to thank dott. Marco Faccini for his help in data collection. The authors wish to thank the SISDCA (Società Italiana per lo Studio dei Disturbi del Comportamento Alimentare e Obesità/Italian society for the study of eating disorders and obesity) for support.

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  1. Gian Mauro Manzoni and Alessandro Rossi equally contributed to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Psychology Research Laboratory, Ospedale San Giuseppe, IRCCS, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Verbania, Italy

    Gian Mauro Manzoni, Giada Pietrabissa & Gianluca Castelnuovo

  2. Faculty of Psychology, eCampus University, Novedrate, Como, Italy

    Gian Mauro Manzoni

  3. Department of Philosophy, Sociology, Education, and Applied Psychology, Section of Applied Psychology, University of Padova, Via Venezia 12, Padua, Italy

    Alessandro Rossi & Stefania Mannarini

  4. Interdepartmental Center for Family Research, University of Padova, Padua, Italy

    Alessandro Rossi & Stefania Mannarini

  5. Department of Psychology, Catholic University of Milan, Milan, Italy

    Giada Pietrabissa & Gianluca Castelnuovo

  6. Department of Human Sciences, European University of Rome, Rome, Italy

    Mariantonietta Fabbricatore, Claudio Imperatori & Marco Innamorati

  7. Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, AnnArbor, MI, USA

    Ashley N. Gearhardt

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Correspondence to Alessandro Rossi.

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Manzoni, G.M., Rossi, A., Pietrabissa, G. et al. Structural validity, measurement invariance, reliability and diagnostic accuracy of the Italian version of the Yale Food Addiction Scale 2.0 in patients with severe obesity and the general population. Eat Weight Disord 26, 345–366 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40519-020-00858-y

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