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Surface Modification of Nobel Metals and Stainless Steel by Pulsed Nd: YAG Laser

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Abstract

Surface modification by laser is shown to be a powerful tool for restructuring metals surfaces for the desired application keeping the bulk material intact. Pulsed Nd: YAG laser, having maximum energy of 10 Joule and variable pulse duration from micro to millisecond and intensity of 102 to 108 W/cm2 were utilized to modify the surfaces of Nobel metals (silver and gold) and stainless steel. Results show that surface hardness of silver and stainless steel increased with decreasing laser intensity and vice versa. Our findings show that the surface hardness of stainless steel is about 3 times higher than that of silver when similar laser parameters are used such as pulse duration and intensity. AFM images show the formation of the martensite phase which is found to improve the surface hardness. Thermal analysis of the laser-irradiated zones shows a variation in the thermal distribution for silver and stainless steel when both irradiated at 6 ms pulse duration time. Silver shows a lower surface temperature of about 600 oC with a heat penetration depth of about 0.85 mm, while stainless steel shows a higher surface temperature of about 1520 oC with 0.4 mm depth. COMSOL analysis is used to study the plasmonic effect of gold and silver nanostructures after irradiation with the laser.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laser and Optoelectronics Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Al Nahrain University, Baghdad, Iraq

    Bassam G. Rasheed & Marwa H. Ibrahim

  2. Laser Sciences and Technology Branch, Applied Sciences Department, University of Technology, Baghdad, Iraq

    Mohammed A. Ibrahem

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  1. Bassam G. Rasheed
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  2. Mohammed A. Ibrahem
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  3. Marwa H. Ibrahim
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Correspondence to Mohammed A. Ibrahem.

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Rasheed, B.G., Ibrahem, M.A. & Ibrahim, M.H. Surface Modification of Nobel Metals and Stainless Steel by Pulsed Nd: YAG Laser. Lasers Manuf. Mater. Process. 8, 45–59 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40516-020-00135-x

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